JCR-UK

Swansea Jewish Community

West Glamorgan, Wales

 

 

 

JCR-UK is a genealogical and historical website covering all Jewish communities and
congregations throughout the British Isles and Gibraltar, both past and present.
NOTE: We are not the official website for this community.

City of Swansea

Swansea (in Welsh: Abertawe - "mouth of the Tawe") is the second largest city in Wales, with a population of about 240,000.  It lies on the northern coast of the Bristol Channel, at the mouth of the river Tawe.

Until 1974, Swansea was a county borough in the old county of Glamorganshire. From 1974 to 1996, it formed a district in the county of West Glamorgan. In 1996, Swansea became a unitary authority (in the ceremonial, or preserved, county of West Glamorgan). 

Swansea Jewish Community

The Swansea Jewish community was the earliest Jewish community to develop in Wales in modern times, there being records of Jews settling in Swansea from the 1730s (see The Rise of Provincial Jewry, C. Roth). The first (wooden) synagogue was built in the 1740s and the Swansea Hebrew Congregation developed over subsequent decades. In 1768, the Jewish community received the grant of a plot of land for use as a cemetery. In 1906, an additional congregation was established, primarily by new Yiddish-speaking immigrants, initially as supplementary to the main synagogue, but developed as a separate synagogue, until both congregations merged in 1955. In recent years numbers have dwindled and the synagogue building was sold in 2009 and the congregation subsequently rented a small hall for services.


Jewish Congregations

The following are the Jewish congregations that exist or existed in Swansea:

 

Swansea Jewish Cemeteries Information

 JCR-UK HOSTED DATABASE

Search the Swansea Jewish Cemeteries Database,
including burial records and photographs of the headstones,
as well as a description of the cemeteries

Basic Cemetery Information

There are two Jewish cemeteries in Swansea, both orthodox, both belonging to the Swansea Hebrew Congregation:

  • Old Jewish Cemetery - Townhill, at High View and Long Ridge, Townhill, Mayhill, SA1. This was established in 1768 (the oldest Jewish burial ground in Wales). It was subsequently enlarged, in particular in 1878. Closed in the mid-1970s, although there were some subsequent burials.
    The database includes 790 records, with over 700 headstone photographs.

    Article on JCR-UK:

    • The Jews Burying Ground, an article on the Swansea Jewish Cemetery at Townhill, which initially appeared in the Cambrian newspaper on 29 January 1897.

  • Oystermouth Cemetery, Jewish Section. This is the new Jewish Cemetery, opened in 1975
    The database now includes nearly 200 records, with 185 headstone photographs, to 30 June 2023

(For some additional information, see also IAJGS International Jewish Cemeteries Project - Swansea)

 


Search the All-UK Database

The records in the database associated with Swansea include:

  • UK Jewish Communal Leaders Database - Swansea records:

    • Jewish Directory for 1874 and Jewish Year Book 1896/7 (records of 16 individuals); and

    • JCR-UK Listings (records of 27 individuals - as of the March 2024 update).

  • 1851 Anglo Jewry Database (as of the 2016 update):

    • Individuals in the "1851" database who were living in Swansea during the 1790s (2 records), 1800s (10 records), 1810s (15 records), 1820s (66 records), 1830s (115 records), 1840s (114 records), 1850s (159 records), 1860s (92 records), 1870s (81 records), 1880s (42 records), 1890s (24 records), 1900s (13 records) and 1910s (1 record).

 

On-line Articles and Other Material
relating to the Swansea Jewish Community

on JCR-UK

on Third Party websites

 
Some Notable Jewish Connections with Swansea

(prepared primarily by Steven Jaffe)

 

  • Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne CH PC KC, born Michael Hecht in Gorseinon, Swansea in 1941, was Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition from November 2003 to December 2005. He previously held a number of ministerial positions in the Governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, including as Home Secretary, 1993-1997.

  • Sir Julian Lewis, born in Swansea in 1951, is Conservative MP for New Forest East since 1997. As of 2024 he is Chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee, a post he has held since 2020.

  • Mervyn Levy (1914-1996), born in Swansea, was an artist, art teacher and writer on art. He was a member of the Kardomah group of artists who met at the Kardomah cafe in Swansea in the 1930s.

  • Michael John Michael served as the Mayor of Swansea in 1848 and in 1849 he was made a Justice of the Peace.

  • Sir Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, PC, FRS, DL (1868-1930), younger son of Sir Ludwig Mond, was an industrialist, politician and leading Zionist. He was Liberal MP for Swansea (1910-18) and for Swansea West (1918-23).

  • Sir Ludwig Mond (1839-1909), founder of the Mond Nickel Company which established the Mond Nickel Works in in 1902 in Clydach (a village about six miles from the centre of Swansea) to refine nickel from Canada by means of a process devised by Sir Ludwig. The plant was one of the largest employers in the Swansea valley. A statue of him stands opposite the main entrance of the works. He was the father of Sir Alfred Mond.

  • Catherine Zeta Jones, actress, born in Swansea in 1969, while not being Jewish herself, is married to actor Michael Douglas (Jewish by patrilineal descent) and has raised their son as Jewish.

 

Other Swansea Jewish Institutions & Organisations

Educational & Theological

  • Jewish School (established by 1874), held at Synagogue chambers.(xx)

  • Congregational Hebrew Classes, (established in 1888).(xxi)
    number of pupils:(xxii) 1896 1901 1905 1906 1907 1913 1917 1923
    30 75 85-90 98 120 90 150 120

Religious & Communal Organisations

  • Chevra Kadisha, existing probably from the first interment in the cemetery in 1760s.(xxv)

  • Chevra Shass, founded by 1909.(xxvi)

  • Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen, founded by 1937.(xxvii)

  • Trades Advisory Council, founded by 1945.(xxviii)

  • Jewish Defence Committee, founded by 1949.(xxix) 

Welfare Organisations

  • Swansea Ladies Benevolent Society, previously known as Swansea Jewish Benevolent Society and initially the Swansea Hebrew Ladies' Philanthropic Society founded in 1854, to help the resident poor.(xxxii)

  • Swansea Jewish Mutual Improvement Society, founded in 1892.(xxxiii)

  • Jewish Self-Help Society, founded in 1900.(xxxiv)

  • Sabbath and Festival Meals Society, founded by 1904.(xxxv)

  • Itinerant Jewish Poor Aid Society , founded by 1905.(xxxvi)

  • Hachnasath Orchim (Casual Relief) Society, founded by 1934.(xxxvii)

  • Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation (Swansea Branch), founded by 1946.(xxxviii)

Social & Cultural

  • Anglo-Jewish Association, founded in 1877 but interest was not long maintained and the affiliation lapsed.(xli)

  • Jewish Social Society, with Literary Section, formerly (until about 1911) Swansea Jewish Literary Society, founded in 1902.(xlii)

  • Naturalisation Society, founded in 1907.(xliii)

  • Council of Christians and Jews, founded by 1948.(xliv)

Youth & Sports

  • Swansea Young Israel Boys' Society, founded in 1906.(xlvii) 

  • Jewish Junior Club, founded by 1955.(xlviii)

  • Jewish Students Society, founded by 1966.(xlix)

Friendly and Loan Societies and Lodges

  • Jewish Mutual Loan Society, founded by 1902.(lii)

  • Order "Achei B'rith" and "Shield of Abraham", Israel Zangwill Lodge No 21, formerly Order Achei B'rith Friendly Society, founded in January 1903.(liii)

  • Grand Order of Israel and Shield of David Friendly Society, Hyam Goldberg Lodge No 56, founded in 1912.(liv)

  • Order of Ancient Maccabeans, Rabbi Akiba Lodge No 23, founded by 1917.(lv)

  • B'nai Brith Lodge, Swansea Lodge, founded by 1939.(lvi)

Zionist & Other Israel Organisations

  • Swansea Zionist Association (or Society), founded by 1901.(lix)

  • Swansea Zionist and Literary Association, founded by 1901,(lx) incorporating Ahavath Zion Share Society from 1904.(lxi)

  • Junior Zionist Society, founded by 1917.(lxii)

  • JNF Commission, Swansea, founded by 1927(lxiii)

  • Friends of Hebrew University, founded by 1950.(lxvi)

  • Friends of Anti-Tuberculosis League of Israel to 1959, founded by 1955.(lxvii)

  • Federation of Women's Zionists, founded by 1955.(lxviii)

 

Community Records

Swansea Jewish Population Data

Year

Number

Source

1731

Possible first Jewish settlement

The Rise of Provincial Jewry by C. Roth

1837

100-150

Article by B. Goldblum

1847

133

The Jewish Chronicle, 1847

1895

300

Jewish Year Book 1896/7

1935

1,000

Jewish Year Book 1936

1946

500

Jewish Year Book 1947

1980

240

Jewish Year Book 1981

1990

245

Jewish Year Book 1991

2001

170

Census 2001 for England and Wales

2011

159

Census 2011 for England and Wales

2021

200

Census 2021 for England and Wales

 

Notes & Sources
( returns to text above)

  • (i) to (xix) Reserved.

  • (xx) Listed in The Jewish Directory for 1874, by Asher Myer.

  • (xxi) Noted in the first Jewish Year Book (1896/7).

  • (xxii) Extracted from Jewish Year Books for the subsequent year.

  • (xxiii) and (xxiv) Reserved.

  • (xxv) It was not, however, mentioned in Jewish Year Books until the 1921 edition.

  • (xxvi) Mentioned in a report in The Jewish Chronicle of 26 November 1909.

  • (xxvii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1938.

  • (xxviii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1945/6.

  • (xxix) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1950.

  • (xxx) and (xxxi) Reserved.

  • (xxxii) Report of establishment in The Jewish Chronicle of 3 February 1854. Also noted in the Jewish Year Book 1896/7.

  • (xxxiii) Report of establishment in The Jewish Chronicle of 28 October 1892.

  • (xxxiv) Noted in the Jewish Year Book 1945/6.

  • (xxxv) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1904/5.

  • (xxxvi) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1905/6.

  • (xxxvii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1935.

  • (xxxviii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1947.

  • (xxxix) and (xl) Reserved.

  • (xli) Swansea by Bernard Goldblum, p.7. Paper presented the 1975 Conference on Provincial Jewry in Victorian Britain. (Page numbering relates to the printed version and is not relevant to the online version.).

  • (xlii) Report of establishment in The Jewish Chronicle of 6 June 1902 and noted in the Jewish Year Book 1903/4. Change of name from the 1912 edition

  • (xliii) Report of establishment in The Jewish Chronicle of 29 November 1907 and noted in the Jewish Year Book 1909.

  • (xliv) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1949.

  • (xlv) and (xlvi) Reserved.

  • (xlvii) Noted in the Jewish Year Book 1909.

  • (xlviii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1956.

  • (xlix) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1967.

  • (l) and (li) Reserved.

  • (lii) Mentioned in report in The Jewish Chronicle of 6 June 1902 and first listed in the Jewish Year Book 1902/3.

  • (liii) Report of establishment in The Jewish Chronicle of 9 January 1903.

  • (liv) Noted in the Jewish Year Book 1914.

  • (lv) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1918.

  • (lvi) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1940.

  • (lvii) and (lviii) Reserved.

  • (lix) Mentioned in a report in The Jewish Chronicle 5 December 1902.

  • (lx) Mentioned in a report in The Jewish Chronicle of 1 February 1901.

  • (lxi) Reported in The Jewish Chronicle of 22 January 1904.

  • (lxii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1918.

  • (lxiii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1928.

  • (lxiv) and (lxv) Reserved.

  • (lxvi) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1951.

  • (lxvii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1956.

  • (lxviii) First listed in the Jewish Year Book 1956.

 

Jewish Communities in Wales home page

Jewish Congregations in the former county of Glamorganshire

Jewish Congregations in Wales, according to current unitary authorities


Page created: 21 August 2005
Page most recently amended: 6 December 2024

Research and formatting by David Shulman


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