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			JCR-UK is a genealogical and historical website covering all Jewish communities and congregations throughout the British Isles and Gibraltar, both past and present.
 NOTE: We are not the official website for this community.
 
 City of Swansea 
			Swansea (in Welsh: Abertawe - "mouth of the Tawe") is the 
			second largest city in Wales, with a population of about 240,000.  
			It lies on the northern coast of the Bristol Channel, at the mouth 
			of the river Tawe.
			 
			Until 1974, Swansea was a county borough in the old county of 
			Glamorganshire. From 1974 to 1996, it formed a district in the 
			county of West Glamorgan. In 1996, Swansea became a unitary 
			authority (in the ceremonial, or preserved, county of West 
			Glamorgan).  
			 
			Swansea Jewish Community 
			The Swansea Jewish community was the earliest Jewish community to 
			develop in Wales in modern times, there being records of Jews settling in Swansea from the 
			1730s (see 
			The Rise of Provincial Jewry, 
			C. Roth). The first (wooden) synagogue was built in the 1740s and the 
			Swansea Hebrew Congregation developed over subsequent decades. In 1768, the 
			Jewish community received the grant of a plot of land for use as a 
			cemetery. In 1906, an additional congregation was established, primarily 
			by new Yiddish-speaking immigrants, initially as supplementary to 
			the main synagogue, but 
			developed as a separate synagogue, until both congregations merged 
			in 1955. In recent years numbers have dwindled and the synagogue building was sold in 2009 
			and the congregation subsequently rented a small hall for services. 
  
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		Jewish Congregations
 
			The following are the Jewish congregations that exist or existed in Swansea: |    
  
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	Swansea Jewish Cemeteries Information |  
  
    |  JCR-UK 
			HOSTED DATABASE 
			Search the
			Swansea Jewish Cemeteries Database,including burial records and photographs of the headstones,
 as well as a
			description of the cemeteries
 |  
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	Basic Cemetery Information 
	There are two Jewish cemeteries in Swansea, both orthodox, both belonging to the Swansea Hebrew Congregation: 
	 
		
		
		Old Jewish Cemetery - Townhill, at High View and Long 
		Ridge, Townhill, Mayhill, SA1. This was established in 1768 (the oldest 
		Jewish burial ground in Wales). It was subsequently enlarged, in 
		particular in 1878. Closed 
		in the mid-1970s, although there were some subsequent burials.
		The database includes 
		790 records, with over 700 headstone photographs.
 
 Article on JCR-UK:
		
		Oystermouth Cemetery, Jewish Section. 
		This is the new Jewish Cemetery, opened in 1975The database now includes		
		nearly 200 records, with 185 headstone photographs, to 
		30 June 2023
 
		(For some additional information,
		see also IAJGS International Jewish Cemeteries Project - Swansea) |    
  
  
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      On-line Articles and Other Materialrelating to the Swansea Jewish Community
 
	  on JCR-UK 
		
		
		
		Swansea Hebrew Congregation 1730 - 1980, a souvenir brochure,
		assembled and edited by Martin Glass, with sections on history 
		researched and written by Neville Saunders, published by the 
		Swansea Hebrew Congregation in 1980 to commemorate the 250th anniversary of 
		the founding of the Swansea Jewish community. (Note: the document is a 14 MB pdf file.) 
		We are extremely grateful to David Factor and David Simon for providing 
		a copy of the brochure and to the Swansea Hebrew Congregation for 
		granting their permission to publish the same.
		
		The Rise of Provincial Jewry - Swansea by Cecil Roth, 1950. 
		(Part of the Susser Archive.)
		
		 Provincial Jewry in Victorian Britain -  - Papers for a conference at University College, London, convened by the 
		Jewish Historical Society of England, prepared by Aubrey Newman - 6th July 1975.
		  
		
		The Swansea Jewish Community - The First Century - an article by 
		Harold Pollins originally published in
		  the Jewish Journal of Sociology, vol 51 2009, updated January 2012.
		  
		  
		  Press Reports on the Swansea Jewish Community 1804-1917, 2008-10, 
		  extracted by Harold Pollins.
		
		Other article by Harold Pollins relating to Swansea, initially published in 
		the Oxford Menorah:
		  
		  
		  Articles Relating to the Jewish Cemeteries, see above.
		  
		Bibliography 
	  on Third Party websites  Some Notable Jewish Connections with Swansea
 
	  (prepared primarily by Steven Jaffe)   
		  
		  
		  Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne CH PC KC, born Michael Hecht in 
		  Gorseinon, Swansea in 1941,  was Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition from November 2003 to December 2005. He previously held a number of ministerial positions in the Governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, including as Home Secretary, 1993-1997. 
		  
		  Sir Julian Lewis, born in Swansea in 1951, is Conservative  MP for New Forest East since 1997. As of 2024 he is Chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee, a post he has held since 2020. 
		  
		  Mervyn Levy (1914-1996), born in Swansea, was an artist, art teacher and writer on art. He was a member of the Kardomah group of artists who met at the Kardomah cafe in Swansea in the 1930s. 
		  
		  Michael John Michael served as the Mayor of Swansea in 1848 and in 1849 he was made a Justice of the Peace.
		  
		  Sir Alfred  Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, PC, FRS, DL (1868-1930), 
		  younger son of Sir Ludwig Mond, was an industrialist, politician and leading Zionist. 
		  He was Liberal MP for Swansea (1910-18) and for Swansea West (1918-23).
		  
		  Sir Ludwig Mond (1839-1909), founder of the Mond 
		  Nickel Company which established the Mond Nickel Works in in 1902 in Clydach (a village  about six miles from the centre of Swansea) to refine nickel 
		  from Canada by means of a process  devised by Sir Ludwig.  
		  The plant was one of the largest employers in the Swansea valley. 
		  A statue of him stands opposite the main entrance of the works. 
		  He was the father of Sir Alfred Mond.
		  
		  Catherine Zeta Jones, actress, born in Swansea in 1969, while not being Jewish herself, is married to actor Michael Douglas 
		  (Jewish by patrilineal descent) and has raised their son as Jewish.  |  
  
  
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		Other Swansea Jewish Institutions & Organisations 
		
 |  
    | Educational & Theological   
		  	Jewish School (established by 1874), held at Synagogue chambers.(xx)Congregational Hebrew Classes, 
			(established in 1888).(xxi) 
			 
				
					| number of pupils:(xxii) | 1896 | 1901 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1913 | 1917 | 1923 |  
					|  | 30 | 75 | 85-90 | 98 | 120 | 90 | 150 | 120 |  |  
    | 
		Religious & Communal Organisations
		 
			
			
			Chevra Kadisha, existing probably from the first 
			interment in the cemetery in 1760s.(xxv)
			
			Chevra Shass, founded by 1909.(xxvi) 
			
			Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen, founded by 1937.(xxvii) 
			
			Trades Advisory Council, founded by 1945.(xxviii)
			
			Jewish Defence Committee, founded by 1949.(xxix)   |  
    | Welfare Organisations 
			
			
			Swansea Ladies Benevolent Society, previously known as 
			Swansea Jewish Benevolent Society
			and initially the Swansea Hebrew Ladies' Philanthropic Society 
			founded in 1854, to help the resident poor.(xxxii)
			
			Swansea Jewish Mutual Improvement Society, founded in 1892.(xxxiii) 
			
			Jewish Self-Help Society, founded in 1900.(xxxiv) 
			
			Sabbath and Festival Meals Society, founded by 1904.(xxxv) 
			
			Itinerant Jewish Poor Aid Society , founded by 1905.(xxxvi) 
			
			Hachnasath Orchim (Casual Relief) Society, founded by 1934.(xxxvii) 
			
			Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation (Swansea Branch), founded 
			by 1946.(xxxviii)  |  
    | Social & Cultural  
		  	
			Anglo-Jewish Association, founded in 1877
			but interest was not long maintained and the affiliation lapsed.(xli) 
			Jewish Social Society, with Literary Section, formerly
			(until about 1911)
			Swansea Jewish Literary Society, founded in 1902.(xlii) 
			Naturalisation Society, founded in 1907.(xliii) 
			Council of Christians and Jews, founded by 1948.(xliv)  |  
    | Youth & Sports 
		  	
			Swansea Young Israel Boys' Society, founded 
			in 1906.(xlvii)  
			Jewish Junior Club, founded by 1955.(xlviii) 
			Jewish Students Society, founded by 1966.(xlix)  |  
    | Friendly and Loan Societies and Lodges 
		  	
			Jewish Mutual Loan Society, founded by 1902.(lii) 
			Order "Achei B'rith" and "Shield of Abraham", Israel Zangwill Lodge No 21, 
			formerly Order Achei B'rith Friendly Society, founded 
			in January 1903.(liii) 
			Grand Order of Israel  and Shield of David Friendly Society, Hyam Goldberg Lodge No 56, founded 
			in 1912.(liv) 
			Order of Ancient Maccabeans, Rabbi Akiba Lodge No 23, founded by 1917.(lv) 
			B'nai Brith Lodge, Swansea Lodge, founded by 1939.(lvi)  |  
    | 
		Zionist & Other Israel Organisations
		 
		  	
			Swansea Zionist Association 
			(or Society), founded by 1901.(lix) 
			Swansea Zionist and Literary Association, founded by 1901,(lx) incorporating Ahavath Zion Share Society 
			from 1904.(lxi) 
			Junior Zionist Society, founded by 
			1917.(lxii) 
			JNF Commission, Swansea, founded by 
			1927(lxiii) 
			Friends of Hebrew University, 
			founded by 1950.(lxvi) 
			Friends of Anti-Tuberculosis League of Israel to 1959, 
			founded by 1955.(lxvii) 
			Federation of Women's Zionists, 
			founded by 1955.(lxviii)  |    
 
	
		| 
			Swansea Jewish Population Data |  
		| 
		Year | 
		Number | Source |  
		| 1731 | Possible first Jewish 
		settlement | 
		
		The Rise of Provincial Jewry by C. Roth |  
		
		| 1837 | 100-150 | 
		Article 
		by B. Goldblum |  
	
		| 1847 | 
		133 | The Jewish Chronicle, 1847 |  
	
		| 1895 | 
		300 | Jewish Year Book 
		1896/7 |  
	
		| 1935 | 1,000 | Jewish Year Book 1936 |  
	
		| 1946 | 500 | Jewish Year Book 
		1947 |  
	
		| 1980 | 
		240 | Jewish Year Book
		 
		1981 |  
	
		| 1990 | 245 | Jewish Year Book 
		1991 |  
	
		| 2001 | 
		170 | Census 2001 for England and Wales |  
	
		| 2011 | 159 | Census 2011 for England and Wales |  
	
		| 2021 | 
		200 | Census 2021 for England and Wales |    
					
						| 
						Notes & Sources(↵ 
						returns to text above)
 |  
						|  |    Jewish Communities in Wales home page 
	Jewish Congregations in the former county of Glamorganshire Jewish Congregations in Wales, according to current unitary authorities 
	Page created: 21 August 2005
 Page most recently amended: 6 December 2024
 
	Research and formatting by David Shulman 
 
 
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