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JCR-UK is a genealogical and historical website covering all Jewish communities and
congregations throughout the British Isles and Gibraltar, both past and present.
NOTE: We are not the official website for this community.
City of Swansea
Swansea (in Welsh: Abertawe - "mouth of the Tawe") is the
second largest city in Wales, with a population of about 240,000.
It lies on the northern coast of the Bristol Channel, at the mouth
of the river Tawe.
Until 1974, Swansea was a county borough in the old county of
Glamorganshire. From 1974 to 1996, it formed a district in the
county of West Glamorgan. In 1996, Swansea became a unitary
authority (in the ceremonial, or preserved, county of West
Glamorgan).
Swansea Jewish Community
The Swansea Jewish community was the earliest Jewish community to
develop in Wales in modern times, there being records of Jews settling in Swansea from the
1730s (see
The Rise of Provincial Jewry,
C. Roth). The first (wooden) synagogue was built in the 1740s and the
Swansea Hebrew Congregation developed over subsequent decades. In 1768, the
Jewish community received the grant of a plot of land for use as a
cemetery. In 1906, an additional congregation was established, primarily
by new Yiddish-speaking immigrants, initially as supplementary to
the main synagogue, but
developed as a separate synagogue, until both congregations merged
in 1955. In recent years numbers have dwindled and the synagogue building was sold in 2009
and the congregation subsequently rented a small hall for services.
Jewish Congregations
The following are the Jewish congregations that exist or existed in Swansea:
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Swansea Jewish Cemeteries Information
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JCR-UK
HOSTED DATABASE
Search the
Swansea Jewish Cemeteries Database,
including burial records and photographs of the headstones, as well as a
description of the cemeteries
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Basic Cemetery Information
There are two Jewish cemeteries in Swansea, both orthodox, both belonging to the Swansea Hebrew Congregation:
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Old Jewish Cemetery - Townhill, at High View and Long
Ridge, Townhill, Mayhill, SA1. This was established in 1768 (the oldest
Jewish burial ground in Wales). It was subsequently enlarged, in
particular in 1878. Closed
in the mid-1970s, although there were some subsequent burials.
The database includes
790 records, with over 700 headstone photographs.
Article on JCR-UK:
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Oystermouth Cemetery, Jewish Section.
This is the new Jewish Cemetery, opened in 1975 The database now includes
nearly 200 records, with 185 headstone photographs, to
30 June 2023
(For some additional information,
see also IAJGS International Jewish Cemeteries Project - Swansea)
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On-line Articles and Other Material relating to the Swansea Jewish Community
on JCR-UK
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Swansea Hebrew Congregation 1730 - 1980, a souvenir brochure,
assembled and edited by Martin Glass, with sections on history
researched and written by Neville Saunders, published by the
Swansea Hebrew Congregation in 1980 to commemorate the 250th anniversary of
the founding of the Swansea Jewish community. (Note: the document is a 14 MB pdf file.)
We are extremely grateful to David Factor and David Simon for providing
a copy of the brochure and to the Swansea Hebrew Congregation for
granting their permission to publish the same.
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The Rise of Provincial Jewry - Swansea by Cecil Roth, 1950.
(Part of the Susser Archive.)
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Provincial Jewry in Victorian Britain - - Papers for a conference at University College, London, convened by the
Jewish Historical Society of England, prepared by Aubrey Newman - 6th July 1975.
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The Swansea Jewish Community - The First Century - an article by
Harold Pollins originally published in
the Jewish Journal of Sociology, vol 51 2009, updated January 2012.
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Press Reports on the Swansea Jewish Community 1804-1917, 2008-10,
extracted by Harold Pollins.
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Other article by Harold Pollins relating to Swansea, initially published in
the Oxford Menorah:
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Articles Relating to the Jewish Cemeteries, see above.
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Bibliography
on Third Party websites
Some Notable Jewish Connections with Swansea
(prepared primarily by Steven Jaffe)
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Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne CH PC KC, born Michael Hecht in Swansea in 1941, was Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition from November 2003 to December 2005. He previously held a number of ministerial positions in the Governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, including as Home Secretary, 1993-1997.
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Sir Julian Lewis, born in Swansea in 1951, is Conservative MP for New Forest East since 1997. As of 2024 he is Chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee, a post he has held since 2020.
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Mervyn Levy (1914-1996), born in Swansea, was an artist, art teacher and writer on art. He was a member of the Kardomah group of artists who met at the Kardomah cafe in Swansea in the 1930s.
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Michael John Michael served as the Mayor of Swansea in 1848 and in 1849 he was made a Justice of the Peace.
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Sir Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, PC, FRS, DL (1868-1930),
younger son of Sir Ludwig Mond, was an industrialist, politician and leading Zionist.
He was Liberal MP for Swansea (1910-18) and for Swansea West (1918-23).
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Sir Ludwig Mond (1839-1909), founder of the Mond
Nickel Company which established the Mond Nickel Works in in 1902 in Clydach (a village about six miles from the centre of Swansea) to refine nickel
from Canada by means of a process devised by Sir Ludwig.
The plant was one of the largest employers in the Swansea valley.
A statue of him stands opposite the main entrance of the works.
He was the father of Sir Alfred Mond.
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Catherine Zeta Jones, actress, born in Swansea in 1969, while not being Jewish herself, is married to actor Michael Douglas
(Jewish by patrilineal descent) and has raised their son as Jewish.
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Other Swansea Jewish Institutions & Organisations
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Educational & Theological
Jewish School (established by 1874), held at Synagogue chambers.(xx)
Congregational Hebrew Classes,
(established in 1888).(xxi)
number of pupils:(xxii) |
1896 |
1901 |
1905 |
1906 |
1907 |
1913 |
1917 |
1923 |
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30 |
75 |
85-90 |
98 |
120 |
90 |
150 |
120 |
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Religious & Communal Organisations
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Chevra Kadisha, existing probably from the first
interment in the cemetery in 1760s.(xxv)
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Chevra Shass, founded by 1909.(xxvi)
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Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen, founded by 1937.(xxvii)
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Trades Advisory Council, founded by 1945.(xxviii)
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Jewish Defence Committee, founded by 1949.(xxix)
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Welfare Organisations
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Swansea Ladies Benevolent Society, previously known as
Swansea Jewish Benevolent Society
and initially the Swansea Hebrew Ladies' Philanthropic Society
founded in 1854, to help the resident poor.(xxxii)
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Swansea Jewish Mutual Improvement Society, founded in 1892.(xxxiii)
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Jewish Self-Help Society, founded in 1900.(xxxiv)
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Sabbath and Festival Meals Society, founded by 1904.(xxxv)
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Itinerant Jewish Poor Aid Society , founded by 1905.(xxxvi)
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Hachnasath Orchim (Casual Relief) Society, founded by 1934.(xxxvii)
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Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation (Swansea Branch), founded
by 1946.(xxxviii)
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Social & Cultural
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Anglo-Jewish Association, founded in 1877
but interest was not long maintained and the affiliation lapsed.(xli)
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Jewish Social Society, with Literary Section, formerly
(until about 1911)
Swansea Jewish Literary Society, founded in 1902.(xlii)
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Naturalisation Society, founded in 1907.(xliii)
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Council of Christians and Jews, founded by 1948.(xliv)
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Youth & Sports
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Swansea Young Israel Boys' Society, founded
in 1906.(xlvii)
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Jewish Junior Club, founded by 1955.(xlviii)
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Jewish Students Society, founded by 1966.(xlix)
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Friendly and Loan Societies and Lodges
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Jewish Mutual Loan Society, founded by 1902.(lii)
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Order "Achei B'rith" and "Shield of Abraham", Israel Zangwill Lodge No 21,
formerly Order Achei B'rith Friendly Society, founded
in January 1903.(liii)
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Grand Order of Israel and Shield of David Friendly Society, Hyam Goldberg Lodge No 56, founded
in 1912.(liv)
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Order of Ancient Maccabeans, Rabbi Akiba Lodge No 23, founded by 1917.(lv)
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B'nai Brith Lodge, Swansea Lodge, founded by 1939.(lvi)
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Zionist & Other Israel Organisations
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Swansea Zionist Association
(or Society), founded by 1901.(lix)
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Swansea Zionist and Literary Association, founded by 1901,(lx) incorporating Ahavath Zion Share Society
from 1904.(lxi)
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Junior Zionist Society, founded by
1917.(lxii)
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JNF Commission, Swansea, founded by
1927(lxiii)
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Friends of Hebrew University,
founded by 1950.(lxvi)
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Friends of Anti-Tuberculosis League of Israel to 1959,
founded by 1955.(lxvii)
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Federation of Women's Zionists,
founded by 1955.(lxviii)
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Swansea Jewish Population Data
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1731 |
Possible first Jewish settlement
(The Rise of Provincial Jewry, C. Roth) |
1837 |
100-150 |
Article
by B. Goldblum |
1847 |
133 |
The Jewish Chronicle, 1847 |
1895 |
300 |
Jewish Year Book
1896/7 |
1935 |
1,000 |
Jewish Year Book 1936 |
1946 |
500 |
Jewish Year Book
1947 |
1980 |
240 |
Jewish Year Book
1981 |
1990 |
245 |
Jewish Year Book
1991 |
2003 |
170 |
Jewish Year Book
2004 |
Notes & Sources
(↵
returns to text above)
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Jewish Communities in Wales home page
Jewish Congregations in the former county of Glamorganshire
Jewish Congregations in Wales, according to current unitary authorities
Page created: 21 August 2005
Page most recently amended: 23 October 2024
Research and formatting by David Shulman
Explanation of Terms |
About JCR-UK |
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Contact JCR-UK Webmaster:
jcr-ukwebmaster@jgsgb.org.uk
(Note: This is to contact JCR-UK, not the above Community or Congregation)
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