Four to five months ago, the povit financial department sent inspector Sinkevich to us. During all this time Sinkevich never came to the village. And the tax affairs are not so good in the villages. Villagers have many questions, misunderstandings and they have to go 12-15 km to the district center. But Sinkevich could have come to the village to deal with these questions.

There are many cases when people work without a patent. The tenants of the kindergartens and speculators sell fruit and cattle in big amounts. Sinkevich doesn't care about it.

Article from the newspaper “Stalinets”, № 402, about the work of the Kopaigorod MTS. 1938

Kiev January 26

Advanced machine-tractor stations of Ukraine are finishing the repairs of tractors ahead of schedule. The team at the Kopaigorod MTS Vinnitsa region completely fulfilled their repair plan during the days of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. They fixed 67 tractors. The quality of the work is high. In all, 5 machine tractor stations in the Vinnitsa region finished repairs.

The team at Zaslav MTS Kamenets-Podolsky region successfully repaired 72 tractors. They were awarded by the regional department.

The team of Dikan MTS Poltava region finished the repairs ahead of schedule. They fixed 14 machines. The special commission confirmed that the machines had been fixed.

Operational summary for March 21, 1944 on the liberation of Kopaigorod from the newspaper, “Lenin's Way” № 13, March 23, 1944

On March 21, in the area to the south-west of the town of Dubno, our troops captured the district city center of Rovno in the Verba region, and the center of the Lvov region of Podkamen. They also captured more than 60 other towns and villages including the following cities. Stolbets, Grada, Buchina, Sukhovolia, Nakvasha, Nemich, Lopushka.

To the west and the south-west from Vinnitsa, our troops captured more than 50 towns and villages including Suslovtsy, Bagrinovtsy, Boriyav, Mikulintsy, Dashkovtsy, Yuzovka, Medvezhye Ushko, Shyrokaia Greblia, Brailov, Korostentsy, Stepanki, Kudiyevtsy, Noskovtsy and railway stations Brailov, Makeykovo.

To the south of Zhmerinka, our troops captured district centers of the Vinnitsa region, including Shargorod, Kopaigorod and also more than 80 towns and villages including Pasynki, Movshany, Plebanovka, Sntkov, Vysshy Olchedayev, Luchintes, Lazova, Tronovo, Sugami, Bendichany, Lomovets and railway stations Kotiuzhany, Nemetchi, Vendichany, Israilevka and Suliatitskaia.

Operational summary for March 22, 1944 on the liberation of Kopay station in “Krasnaya Zvezda” newspaper. № 70, March 23, 1944

Our troops captured several towns to the west and south west of Kremenets on March 22. To the west and south west of Vinnitsa, our troops captured more than 30 towns and villages including Berbka, Bokhny, Beletskoye, Sakhny, Maydan Sovin, Stampivka, Lysa Gorka, Pochapinets, Lysenka, Liudovka, Severinovka, Mankovtsy, Malchevtsy, Martynovka, Volodiyevtsy and stations Bar, Mytki and Kopay.

To the south of Zhmerinka, our troops captured district centers of the Vinnitsa region, Murovanyie Kurilovtsy and Yaryshev.

To the south of Mogiliev Podolsky, on the right bank of the Dniester, our troops captured more than 15 towns including the district center of Moldova SSR Nadushyt.

On March 22, the troops on the Ukrainian front captured Pervomaysk, the important railway center and strong German defense area on the Southern Bug River.

To the south west of Bobrinets, our troops captured more than 30 towns and villages including Semenovka, Ivanovaka, ALekseyevka, Konstantinovkaq, Bugskiy, Aleksandrovka and stations Konstantinovka, Trikatnoye, Aleksandrovka.

In the direction of Nikolayev, our troops captured Kalinovka, Gorokhovka, Bogoyavlensk, Balabanovka and Gorokhovka station.

During March 21, our troops destroyed 27 German tanks. Twenty-nine planes were shot down in air battles.

An article in the newspaper “Krasnaya zvezda” described the liberation of Kopaigorod from the fascists. № 69, March 22, 1944

Announcement for residents of Mohyliv and the district, May 31, 1920, (TsDAVO of Ukraine. F. 3866. Op. 1. Spr. 53. Ark. 12) about allowance for free trade. Similar advertisements were also posted in Kopaigorod.

I am informing the residents of Miliev and povit about the announcement by the main commissar of the government of Ukrainian People's Republic on May 12, 1920 # 2, which states that he is allowing free trade with the products of the first necessity.

Therefore, all of the residents of the towns and villages can freely sell these products. It is guaranteed that the government will not impose any requisition on these products sold at the markets and fairs and also means of transport as horses, oxen, cabs etc.

All illegal requisitions will be prosecuted and those guilty will be brought to court.

Administrative officers are ordered to oversee the fulfillment of the rules of this announcement.

Signature Main commissar of the government - Loskiy

Acting of the commissar of the povit - A.Voloshchuk

May 31, 1920

“KOPAIGORODA”. Rare use of non-calendar stamps for redemption. The site, “Philatelist” indicates the envelope was sold at auction.

An article about the Righteous Among the Nations by A. Horbulska, in the newspaper “Jewish Peace” (Israel), 1996

Shtetl Kopaigorod of Bar district Vinnitsa region has existed for about 400 years. It was called Novgorod before 1624, but when the earthwork was constructed it was renamed to Kopaigorod. Jews have been living there since the foundation of the town. According to the census of 1897, there were 2,950 residents, among them 1,720 Jews. Before the war of 1941, the Jewish population still prevailed, though the closing of the synagogue and Jewish school made the Jews look for shelter and religious institutions in the larger cities of Ukraine, and abroad. After the war there were about 300 Jews from the shtetl who miraculously survived. Nastia Ivanovna Gorbulskaya helped them to survive.

I knew Anastasiya (known as Nastia) Ivanovna when she was a guest in the house of my friend's son. The article about her was written after her death when people started speaking respectfully about the righteous. All the facts that are provided in this article are written from the recording of the stories by her son and people who knew Nastia Ivanovna well.

Gorbulskaya was born in Kopaigorod and grew up among its Jews, and she knew Yiddish as well as her native Ukrainian. She did not learn Russian although she spent her last years in Kiev where the majority of people spoke Russian. She spoke to her grandson the same way as my Granny used to speak to me, partly Yiddish and partly Ukrainian, “Gib men 1 kettle quickly” (give me a kettle quickly). She married the shoemaker, Ivan Gavrilovich in the early 1930's, and they lived in Kiev for some time. But then they returned to Kopaigorod where Anastasiya Ivanovna had a two-storey house and good property. Her husband, Ivan Gavrilovich was arrested in 1937 as a result of a false denunciation, and soon he was shot. All of the Gorbulskys' property was taken away from them. Their neighbor Donka Kushnir gathered some warm clothes for Anastasiya Ivanovna and her two-year-old son before they were sent to Siberia. They were taken to Siberia on the train together with other arrested families. Many people died on the way and the bodies were simply thrown out of the train. Anastasiya Ivanovna and her son managed to escape at one of the stations.Returning to Ukraine was a long journey. Kind people from the village of Gushchintsy, not far from Kalinovka, gave them shelter. Not long before the beginning of the war, Gorbulskaya came back to Kopaigorod.

Evacuation of the Jewish population in Ukraine was carried out only in the big cities. Nobody even remembered a couple thousand Jews from Kopaigorod. Only a few of them could move away themselves.

Fascists organized a camp at the Kopaigorod station, which was fenced in with barbed wire. They started to drive local Jews and later Romanian Jews there. People were shot in the camp right before the eyes of those whose turn hadn't come yet.

Dvoyra Mikhaylovna Zlotina lives in the Bar Vinnitsa region now. She said with tears in her eyes, “We lived in the open air in the camp. It rained, it snowed, it was cold, and we were hungry. We waited to be shot every day.” It is especially painful for Dvoyra Mikhaylovna to recollect one incident even though it happened more than 50 years ago. Prisoner Gorodetsky Nakhman Volfovich secretly left the camp to find something to eat at the station but he was caught by a German officer. The fascist took him to the camp and shot him before the eyes of everyone there. Khonia, the five-year-old daughter of the man who had been shot, ran up to her father. The officer came up to the child, put a pistol into her mouth and fired. All of this took place in the presence of her mother, Mara-Mena, who went mad on the spot.

Zlatina managed to escape from this hell and she came to Gorbulaskaya as she knew that her parents were hiding there. “We were even sleeping in the Russian oven, under it, and in the barn when there was no place in the house. Grandmother and grandfather, who were very old, couldn't live long under these conditions, and soon they died. It was extremely hard and dangerous to bury them in these circumstances. We had to do it at night. The corpse was prepared to be buried according to Jewish tradition and we dug a grave in the Jewish cemetery located not far from the house. Liuba Vasserman's mother and somebody from among the Romanian Jews died. We survived. Thanks to Anastasiya Ivanovna,” said Dvoyra Zlatina.

Photo of a Russian oven

“When Anastasiya Ivanovna saw me, she started crying and hugged me. My parents lost hope to see me alive as they knew that I was caught by the policemen. Many Jews were hiding in Gorbulskaya's house. Everybody slept on the floor. The people were afraid to go out, even to the toilet.”

Krushynsky, a Kopaigorod resident and head of Ukrainian police, could not find out why all of the Jews from the shtetl were not in the camp at the station. Krushynky began to suspect Gorbulskaya. He even threatened to burn her house down, if he found only one Jew there. But he didn't manage to do so. One night, all of the Germans left Kopaigorod together with the policemen. Romanians came and the situation became a little better. The ghetto was better organized and Anastasiya Ivanovna's house was inside this territory. The Jews had the right to go out, work in the orchards and feed the cattle. Home dwellers started to make soap. They obtained the materials from the slaughterhouse which was not far from the house. The seal was made out of wood and one couldn't tell homemade soap from the real one.

Article in the “Vinnychchyna” newspaper, March 16, 1993. A story about the Podil town of Kopaigorod.

Everything is so simple, as at home here. Everybody knows who is who, whose work is good or bad, whose house is the tidiest. Everybody knows who drinks on holidays only and who does it every day. They also know the girls [prostitutes] who entertain every day and gather boys around them. Even the main policeman, Petro Mykhaylovych Maryshchak, looks like the film character Aniskin, and he teaches his lawbreakers like a father.

- You don't know where to start counting! “says the head of the village council. He is speaking with the head of the council of the neighboring village. Expenses for 80 million and profits are 20 times less. What shall I do?

Yes, wise Sygizmund III freed the residents from the taxes for 20 years. And he also gave Magdeburg law to Kopaigorod. At that time the local treasury was full and there were profits. And now, there is almost nothing in the budget. How can you name the authorities of this poor government? Can you think about repairing the road when you don't have money for the salary? And the head worries not only about Kopaigorod, but also the other five villages under his governance. And you can do nothing.

- Do you have a kindergarten in Kopaigorod? – I ask the head, just to distract him from sad thoughts.

- Yes, there is a kindergarten for 75 children, but now there are 40 children enrolled - replies Volodymyr Petrovych. Parents don't want to send their children to this kindergarten because of the high fees. And, since our enterprises have stopped working recently because of a lack of fuel, road workers and the buses don't work, and the children who need transportation can't be brought to the kindergarten.

The enterprises in Kopaigorod are not large, so not many people work for them. There is a department of public utilities, repair and construction department, a substation of the energy station, the water department, and that's all. Not so many people work there. The largest organization is the mobile mechanized enterprise (MME) of “Vinnitsa water organization.” Not long ago this organization helped to build houses in the town. But together with the head of the council, we approached the main engineer of the MME Vasyl Yakymovych Yakymliuk and saw that he had a lot of problems.

- Have you walked along Demyanchuk street? Have you seen that everything is excavated there? We are doing the road for the town. We spent 4 million rubles already, excavated everything, but now we have no money. This is what Vasyl Ivanovych told us. Since today we sent people on vacation. We have no fuel. One more headache is getting coal for heating those 16, two-storied buildings that we had built. Two years ago it was not a problem to buy coal. But today buying coal means bankruptcy.

Today the main problems of the head of the council are 812 pensioners, 76 widows, 43 disabled people, 99 older people, 137 families with many children, and people who came through Chernobyl, Afghanistan, participants of the war. They are the first ones who should be provided with everything. There is no cereal this year, and last year there was too much of it. Not only people but cattle ate it. The shop of the Bar poultry plant opened in Kopaigorod – it's a diversity to the people's cuisine. Not everyone can afford their own poultry. There are 746 houses in Kopaigorod, with 1914 inhabitants. What is the future of this town?

- I don't even want to predict it, - says the head of the council.

There was a time when there were no problems with cereal and oil. There were mills, oil mills, markets, and life here was lively. Now, people don't believe in the changes. Time passes, laws are adopted, but the village acts as if it is waiting for something. In the past there was interest in life. People could rest and work well here.

- I remember my young years, says Victor Andriyovych Frytsiuk, the head of the polyclinics and resident of this town. There were always sports competitions in the park. I also played volleyball. There was a good restaurant in Kopaigorod. But now, everybody here is loaded with problems. We doctors don't have our own houses. The ambulances that are sent from Bar are several years old. There are three of them sitting in the garages of the polyclinics.

Local people dream of making a district center in Kopaigorod, and their other dreams are connected to it. They could have a normal life with roads and pavements, new clubs and new deals and with enterprises. “Bar has been clean and modern, - residents of Kopaigorod told me with jealousy. – It is a Capital! And us… what are we? Neither a village nor a town. So call us a village! At least our electricity bills will be less! No we must pay more! But the bath doesn't work the whole winter!”

- I can't even figure out the way out of this! – the principal of the secondary school, Volodymyr Vitaliyovych Naumenko, told me frankly. There are just two choices: to create a strong industry or to renovate Magdeburgsky right. We would take payment for passing through Kopaigorod as it was in old times.

… The day when I was speaking with the residents of Kopaigorod was already history. One day, when there is an historical museum in Kopaigorod, there will be a special exhibition about our “fateful” times. But now, the only museum in the town is the school museum which is being reorganized. Old paraphernalia, photos, letters and newspaper clippings have been arranged in one room. Geography teacher, Mykola Ivanovych Pavliuk, dreams of creating an interesting exposition here about the history of the town. There will be a place for the memories of the old residents. It will include the national flag and the red flag that the school was awarded as the best in the republic in 1937, and the story about how this flag was found among the things of the dead fascist under Debretsen. It will include songs about Kryvonos and the history of Jewish families. We cannot apologize for everything in our history, but we shouldn't eliminate anything from it. We are the children of our past, however hard it was. The main thing is to not let it happen again.

I wanted to speak to the school children about problems in Kopaigorod. However, in the computer classroom, the serious girls, Larysa Kauk, Tania Mandebura, Lesia Khmeliovska, Nelia Mocharna and others, didn't want to talk about problems. They mentioned how interesting it is at school, what a great band they have, what skilled sportsmen, musicians and singers are at school. For them – and let the adults realize it – Kopaigorod is, and will be their big Motherland. The town for them is the best, the dearest place in the world, where every path and every tree is familiar and dear to them. Maybe their relatives in Kopaigorod and in Bar will understand that the towns mustn't be overgrown with wild grass.

Tetiana Hrechanivska

Photo by Vitaliy Hrechka

The dedication of the monument to the dead Jews at Kopay station is described by the Vinnytsia newspaper, 2011

Oak trees and hornbeam trees are standing in the autumn silence. The leaves are falling from the trees and you can hear them falling on the concrete surface of the mass grave. Lit candles and yellow chrysanthemums frame this picture of sadness that is in the hearts of the members at the meeting requiem, about the events that took place in the Kosharinets forest.

Students in the senior classes of the Kopaigorod secondary school came here together with their teachers and the principal, Vladimir Naumenko. There are some other people here – the head of the village council Anatolliy Palazeniuk, the secretary of the council Kateryna Kostiuk, the assistant of the head of the district council of Bar Yuriy Melnychuk, representatives of the district council, and local residents. The organizer of the meeting was the head of the department of Internal Policy and Communications with mass media and public, the deputy of the district council Taisiya Yizhakivska.

Not long ago she got an email from Israel from Oleksandr Braverman, a former colonel of the Soviet Army and former resident of Kopayhorod. The countryman wrote that the restoration of the monument at the Kopay station, dedicated to those Jews from Kopaigorod, Bessarabia, Moldova, and Romania who were killed at the beginning of the war, was being finished. This grave also held the remains of prisoner soldiers of the detachment that was located at this territory.

According to incomplete data, over four hundred adults and children found their eternal rest in the grave near the authorities building of the Kopaigorod forestry. Oleksandr Braverman also sent some names of the dead and memories of Olena Taienchuk in this email.

- We lived at the Kopay station close to the forest, - Olena wrote. Before the war there were military barracks in this forest. They were bombed by the fascists in 1941. The concentration camp was at this place. Local Jews and those people who were taken from across the Dniester were in the camp.

The camp was guarded by Romanian soldiers and Germans came from time to time. Doomed people were sitting behind the wire, hungry and cold. Sometimes somebody was allowed to leave the camp to exchange some items for food. The life of their relatives was their security for their return. I don't know what they had as their valuable things had already been taken away from them. Once my Mum witnessed the horrible incident, when a pregnant woman who was going along the road from the camp was smashed by a German tank.

People from surrounding villages came to the camp and threw food to the prisoners. One guard caught my Mum and hit her with a stick so hard that she had scars until the end of her life.

When I was studying at school, they decided to unearth the blocks for the basement. Then everybody saw that the cellar was filled with people's bodies. After that relatives of those people made a mass grave here. It was ruined with time and there was nobody to look after it.

I remember some time in the 1950s, there were just ditches and graves along the railway road in the forest. Older people said that there were marauders among the locals who removed the clothing from the dead Jews. One of the marauders was even arrested and taken to prison. Nobody even thought about reburying at that time. When I grew up and realized everything, the hills from the graves had already flattened. Then I got to know that the bones of one of the soldiers have been found and reburied.

And there were many of them there. Our soldiers fought until the last bullet.

I have been living in another country for a long time already. But dear Podillia sights are in front of my eyes all the time. We have no right to forget about this cruel war. I don't know whether somebody had studied that page of the war at the Kopay station.

Taisiya Yosypivna Yizhakivska hasn't stayed indifferent to this message from Israel. The memorial sign on the mass grave has been restored and the memory of the innocent people who were killed was honored at the meeting requiem.

Kopayhorod is 375

A small river, the Nemiya, carries its water silently. There is a town called Kopaigorod on its banks. Nobody knows how old the river is and how much water has flown for all this time. It is only known where the river begins and all along its path to the place where its water flows into a bog in the Dniester River.

Every town and city and river has a beginning, i. e. the date of its foundation and its history.

The settlement of Kopaigorod was founded at the beginning of the 17^th century, which was not a time of peaceful events. Small local military conflicts grew into big long wars. The 30 Years War (1618-1648) in Europe was exactly like this. Fortresses and castles from the Middle Ages, and whole towns and villages were swept out. Millions of people died in the flames of the war.

Our district was a part of Poland at that time, a country which acted aggressively in the East. Continuous military campaigns and interventions against Russia lasted until 1619. Ukrainian Cossacks also took part in these campaigns. In the south, however, Ukrainian land was attacked by Tatars.

Poland was at war with Turkey in 1620-1621. Polish troops were defeated in Bessarabia in September of 1620, Polish troops were defeated in Bessarabia, and Sahaidachny, the Ukrainian leader of the Cossacks, saved Poland from defeat. The Turkish sultan lost his hope for victory and accepted the results.

But the peace treaty with Turkey didn't guarantee safety to Polish lands. Our land was not far from the border that was along the Dniester River.

Warlike neighbors, Tatars or Turks, could make just one cross attack unexpectedly not only on the border towns and villages, but also deeper into the center of Ukraine.

So, Kopaigorod was assigned the role to be one of three fortified towns, together with its two neighboring towns of Bar and Sharhorod, in which there were small Polish detachments.

Nobleman Luka Myaskivsky was ordered by the Polish King, Sigizmund III, to choose a convenient location between the villages of Romankivtsi and Shepyakov as a place in which to establish a fortification. It's not a surprise that the names of these places are now Shypynky and Ukrayinske.

On March 23, 1624, the King appointed Myaskivsky as the local chairman in Novograd, the former name of the town, and instructed him to fortify it.

In his book, “Along the Eastern Podolye,” Dmytro Vasyliovych Malakov wrote that the king, “treated the residents of Magdeburgsky well. He freed them from taxes for 20 years. At the same time they were given a seal with the image of the Virgin who stands on the emblem of the builder of “Leliv” with the inscription of her motto, “The Patroness of the town of Novograd.” Many noblemen at the time used this emblem, which was a six-pointed star with a crescent.”

The town became a trade center and was allowed to hold four fairs each year. This enabled the town to grow stronger and larger. The famous French engineer, Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan, established a fortress in the town.

Local residents poured walls, dug ditches and soon the town was called Kopaigorod.{“Kopay” in Ukrainian means, dig}

In the king's acts starting from 1635, the town name of Kopaighorod is mentioned.

Kopaigorod appears on the geographic map of the area of that time. It was Beauplan who described Ukraine of the 17^th century in detail in 1650, and prepared the most modern geographic map from that era.

There were 2,000 large and small towns in Ukraine in the 1640's. Eventually our region became the arena of the liberation and the fighting of Ukrainian people against Poland. In 1672, the army of sultan Mukhamed IV occupied Kopaigorod and Podillia. The occupation lasted for 27 years. Like many other places, Kopaigorod fell into decay, but after some time, trade and town lifestyle came to life again.

There is no information in the historical sources that indicates that Kopaigorod was destroyed and the population eliminated during the war. Fate rescued and kept its walls and residents as if the Virgin defended the town from trials and tribulations.

Representatives of three communities – Ukrainian, Jewish and Polish – lived in peace and friendship all during those 375 years.

There are no fortifications now and the underground passages are filled. Today we learn the history of our region from the materials of historians, archive information, written sources and legends. And only ancient monuments, religious buildings, 100-year-old trees, and the Nevia River still remember that far in the past.

I. Braverman, Teacher

An article from the Bar district newspaper “Podilskyi Kray” about the dedication of a monument to the fallen Jews near the village of Prymoshchanytsia.

This inconspicuous tract of land is located about 5 km East of Prymoshchanytsia. There is a dirt road not far from it which leads to the Kopay station. It doesn't differ from other places. There are many of these ordinary tracts around. Local farmers grow wheat in the fields, and there is a forest nearby, where people go for wood, mushrooms, etc. People in the Verkhivska community call it “ Svingorodok” (svin means pig in Ukrainian). It is an unusual name, however the explanation for it is quite clear. Before the war the Ministry of Defense managed a large pig fattening complex which provided the Red Army with pork. They say that it not only saved the residents of Verkhivka and Prymoshchanytsi, but many surrounding villages from starvation. At that time the Communists in power didn't make a Holodomor for pigs, unlike people.

The huge, hundred year old oak trees of this village tract remember the most horrible event in the history of our community, which was the mass killing of Jews during the war. The ground seemed to shake from the tortures and desperation of those innocent victims.

Liudmyla Matsiuk, a 79 year old resident of Prymoshchanytsia, shared her memories. “About 30 Jewish families lived in this neighborhood of Verkhovka where there is the village council and the club now. Their lives were peaceful and quiet. When the Germans occupied the village, the quietness disappeared. Constant torturing, bullying and the threat of killing was hanging like a sword of Damocles over practically every Jewish family.

Sure, fellow Ukrainian villagers did all their best to defend the Jews, even though it was dangerous. My parents and grandparents hid Jews about 500 meters from German headquarters. When the fascist spies suspected something, my family took one of the Jews, Fenia, away to Kopay station, and put her in the boxcar; in this way they saved her. In Prymoshchany the Monarchuk family hid a family of six people straight across the road from the Romanian Ghetto. A Jewish girl, Sonia, hid herself in the oven in the house of Vasyl Horbachuk.

Behind our house there was a huge pit with a “secret”. We kept beets, potatoes and other vegetables in it. The secret was the following. There was a tunnel to the house which was invisible from the hole. As soon as the raids started, many village Jews hid there.

However, unfortunately, not all the Jews were saved. One day that was “black” for the local community, German policemen came to the village. They gathered all Jewish residents with the help of swearing and kicks, and took them in the direction of the forest to that tract of land. On the way, people who were suffering from hunger tried to take some beets from the field along the roadside. But they were shot immediately. Women, children, elderly people - there were more than 50 of them killed. In addition, people say that Jews were brought there from Bukovina.”

I told this awful story, which unfortunately arose from the people's memories, to Illya Luk, the head of the machine factory. I wanted his help to put this place in order. It is overgrown with grass and bushes and people graze animals here. Such events can't be forgotten.

Ilya Hryhohorovych Luk considered it to be a matter of honor to tend to the place of the mass murder of innocent victims of the war. He and the factory staff donated money for the memorials that were established in Myhalivtsi, Popivtsi, Mateykiv, Ivanivtsi, Hayove, Yaltushkiv and some other villages of the district. A memorial with a menorah and the Star of David was erected in the forest not far from Prymoshchanytsia, where Jewish families were shot and killed. The head of the district council, Oleksandr Parchevsky, the head of the board of the machine factory, Ilya Luk, his assistant Mykola Mandryka, the main accountant of the factory Serhiy Kytaychuk, the head of the village council, Hryhiry Voytov, the resident of Prymoshchany, Liudmyla Matsiuk, and journalists, all took part in the ceremony for the dedication of the memorial.

Mykhailo Korchynsky, Prymoshchanytsia Photo – Victor Zelemiuk

Books About Kopaigorod:

Above is an image of the cover of D. Ostrovsky's book. It shows what Kopaigorod looked like in 2016.

A collection of poems by E. Vinokur

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