Strzyzow, Poland [Pages 539-542]

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[Page 539]

Glossary

“ABRIVELE DER MAMEN” A letter to my mother. Yiddish folk song

AGUDAT ISRAEL Hebrew for Union of Israel. Orthodox Jewish Movement

AL CHET Hebrew for the sin, confession prayer recited on Yom Kippur

AL HANISIM A prayer which is recited on Hanukkah and Purim

ALIYAH Hebrew for immigration to the Holy Land

ALIYAH BETH Clandestine immigration to the Holy Land

ALIYAH L'TORAH Ascent to the platform where the Scripture reading takes place

AMALEKITES The descendants of Amalek the grandson of Esau. Exodus ch.17

AMIDAH Silent prayer which is recited thrice daily

ASMODEUS An evil spirit in Jewish legends

AVINY MALKEINU Hebrew for our Father, our King. A prayer which is recited on the High Holidays.

BAIS YACOV A religious school for girls

BAAL SHEM TOV Israel, the son of Eliezer. 1700–1760. Founder of a pious movement

BAR MITZVA A Jewish boy who has reached thirteen. The age of religious duty and responsibility

BARTENURA Meaning Rabbi Ovadia from Bartenura. A commentator of the codification of Jewish oral law

BARUCH ATA Hebrew for praise Thy Name. The beginning of every blessing

BEIT HAMIDRASH House of prayer and place of study of sacred books

BELVEDERE The residence of the Polish Head of Government

BIMAH Platform in a synagogue on which stands the desk from which the Scriptures are read

BLUE WHITE BOX Collection box distributed by the Jewish National Fund

BNOS AGUDAT ISRAEL Young women's section of the Orthodox Jewish Party

BRIT Short for BRIT MILAH. The religious rite of circumcision.

CAPO or KAP A concentration camp inmate in charge of other inmates

CHAD–GAD–YAW Aramaic song which is sang during the Passover Seder

CHALLA A traditional loaf of rich white bread for the Sabbath

CHEDER Hebrew for room. A one–room religious school

CHEVRA KADISHA Hebrew for Holy Society who takes care of the deceased

CHMIELNICKI A Ukrainian massacre organizer, especially of Jews in the seventeen century

CHOL HAMOED Light holiday on Passover and Sukkoth between the first and the last days of the holiday

CHOMETZ Leavened foodstuff that may not be eaten on Passover

“CHOSHIVER” Yiddish for Your Reverence

CHULENT or TCHULENT Yiddish for food stored in the oven for the Sabbath noon meal

CHUMASH The first five books of the Bible

CHUPPA Wedding canopy

[Page 540]

ELUL The last month of the year in the Jewish calendar

ERETZ ISRAEL Hebrew for the Holy Land

EREV PESACH On the eve of Passover

EREV YOM KIPPUR On the eve of the Day of Atonement

ETROG A yellow citrus fruit resembling lime used during procession in the synagogue on the Harvest Festival in the autumn

GELT Yiddish for money

GEMARA The second and supplementary part of the Talmud

GOY Gentile. Plural Goyim

GYMNASIUM Secondary school in Poland

HACHSHARA Hebrew for preparation. Training before immigrating to Israel

HAFTORAH Hebrew for conclusion. It is the lesson from the Prophets recited immediately after reading from the Pentateuch on the Sabbath

HAGGADAH Narrative of the Exodus read at the Passover seders

HAGANA Jewish self–defence during the British mandate in Palestine

HAKAFOT Procession inside the synagogue during the celebration of rejoicing the ending and beginning of reading the Scriptures

HALACHA Laws or ordinances not written down in the Scriptures but based on oral interpretation

HALLEL A part of the Jewish religious services consisting of Psalms 113–118 inclusive recited or sung on certain festivals

HALUTZ, plural HALUTZIM A Jewish pioneer in agricultural settlements of modern Israel

HAMAN A Persian official who sought destruction of the Jews and was hanged when his plot was exposed

HAMAVDIL A Saturday night song which is sung after the departure of the Sabbath

HANUKKAH Jewish festival commemorating the redemption of the Temple on 165B.C

HASSIDIM Members of pious Jewish sect originated in the 18^th Century in Poland

“HASHOMER” The watchman

HASKALA Hebrew for enlightenment. A movement among the Jews in the other half of the 19th Century

HASMONAIM A High Priest with his sons who revolted against the Greeks

HEIMISH Yiddish for friendliness

HORA Lively Israel folk dance

HOSHANA RABA The 7^th day of the Harvest Festival

HOSHANOT, plural HOSANNA Hebrew for praise to G–d

IN SHUL ARAAN Yiddish. A early morning call from the sexton to come to the synagogue

JUDENRAT German for Jewish Council appointed by the German authorities to administer the ghetto

KABBALA An occult philosophy of certain Jewish Rabbis in the Middle Ages

[Page 541]

KADDISH A mourner's prayer praising G–d

KAPAROT, plural KAPARAH A symbolic ceremony taking place before the day of Atonement in which the sins of a person are transferred to a fowl – a white hen or rooster

KAPO See Capo

KASHRUTH The dietary regulations of Judaism

KEHILLAH The leadership of a Jewish Community

KIDDUSH Benediction recited over wine

KINDERLECH Yiddish for children in an endearing manner

KLEZMORIM Yiddish for orchestra

KLOIZ Yiddish for house of prayers

KOL CHAMIRA A prayer which is recited on Passover Eve while clearing away the leavened food

KOL NIDREI The prayer of atonement recited at the opening of the Yom Kippur services

KOSHER Fit to eat according to the dietary laws

KREPLACH Yiddish for small casings of dough filled with ground meat, boiled and served usually in soup

KRIAT SHEMA Declaration of the basic principle of Jewish belief recited thrice daily

KUGEL Sabbath delicacy. A crusty baked pudding made of potatoes or noodles

KVITTEL Yiddish for note. Folded note addressed to a Rabbi containing a special request or wish that the Rabbi should pray for

LAG B'OMER A Jewish holiday observed on the 18^th day of the month of Iyar

LANDSMAN, plural LANDSLEIT Fellow countryman/men

L'CHAIM To live, cheers

LECHA DODI Hebrew song welcoming the Queen of Sabbath

LEVIATHAN Bible, sea monster or a whale

LULAV Hebrew for palm branch used in the procession in the synagogue during the Harvest Festival

MINYAN Hebrew for quorum. A properly constituted group for a public Jewish prayer of at least ten Jewish males

MISHLOACH MANOT Hebrew for sending gifts, a tradition observed on Purim holidays

MISHNAYOTH The first part of the Talmud containing traditional oral interpretation of scriptural ordinances

MITZVA Fulfilling a commandment

MIZMOR SHIR Hymn from the Psalms (Ps.ch.30) sung on Hanukkah

MIZRACHI A religious Zionist Organization

MUSSAF The last part of the Sabbath and holiday services

MAARIV Evening prayer

MAFTIR The last part of the Scripture reading on Sabbath and holidays

MAIMONIDES Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon. 1135–1204. Physician and philosopher in Egypt

MAH NISHTANA Hebrew for what is different? The beginning of the four questions asked by a child at the ceremony celebrated on Passover night

[Page 542]

MAOZ TZUR A Hanukkah song

MAROR Hebrew for bitter herbs eaten during the ceremony on Passover night

MARANOS, plural of MARANO In the Spanish Inquisition, a Jew forced to profess Christianity in order to escape death

MATZA, plural MATZOT Flat unleavened bread eaten during the Passover

MEGILLAH Hebrew for scroll. The story of Esther which is read on Purim is called Megillah

MELAMED, plural MELAMDIM Hebrew for teachers

MELAVEH MALKA Literary: escorting the Queen. A Saturday night meal in honour of the outgoing of the Sabbath Queen. (Sabbath is endearingly called the Sabbath Queen)

MENORAH Seven branch candelabrum. A traditional symbol of Judaism

MENTCHEN, plural for MENTCH Yiddish for a human being

MIDRASH Rabbinical commentaries and explanatory notes on the Scriptures

MIKVA Ritual bath in which Orthodox Jews immerse themselves for ritual purification

MINCHA Afternoon services

NEILAH Concluding services on the Day of Atonement

NKVD Soviet Secret Police

NETILAT YADAIM Blessing which is recited during hand washing before a meal

NETUREI KARTA An extreme religious sect in Jerusalem

NU! Yiddish expression. Well! Come on!

OR HAGANUZ Ancient Hebrew Hanukkah song

PILSUDSKI JOZEF Polish General and statesman. 1867–1935

PINKAS plural PINKASIM Daily Journal of a Jewish Community

POGROM Russian for an organized persecution and massacre

PURIM A Jewish holiday. The feast of lots celebrated on the 14^th of Adar

PUSHKE Yiddish for collection box

RAMBAM Abbreviation of Reb Moshe Ben Maimon. See Maimonides

REB Hebrew title for Sir or Mister

REBETZIN A Rabbi's wife

RESPONSA A compilation of questions and answers on Jewish laws

“REVEE” Hebrew for forth – the fourth person called to the reading of the Scriptures on Sabbaths and holidays

ROSH HASHANA Jewish New Year

SABBATH GOY A gentile who helps to do things that Jews are forbidden to do on Sabbath and holidays such as starting a fire or turning lights on

SEDER Ceremony celebrated at table in the home on Passover night

SHA GOYIM Be quiet! A scolding expression when people converse during religious services

SHALOM ALEICHEM Peace to you. Traditional Jewish greeting

SHAVUOTH The Feast of Weeks. A Jewish holiday

SHEIGATZ Yiddish for impudent boy

SHEKEL An ancient monetary unit

SHEMA ISRAEL The opening of the declaration of the basic principle of Jewish belief proclaiming the absolute unity of G–d

SHEMINI ATZERET The eight–day of solemn Assembly celebrated after the seventh day of Harvest Festival

SHEOL (Bible). A place in the depths of earth conceived of as the dwelling of the dead

SHMALTZ Yiddish for fats

SHOCHET Ritual slaughterer

SHOFAR A ram's horn blown in synagogues on Rosh Hashana and at the end of Atonement Day

SHOMREI SHABOS Jews who strictly observe the Sabbath

SHUL Same as synagogue

SHTETL Yiddish for a little town

SHTREIMEL Fur hat worn by some Orthodox Jews on Sabbaths and holidays

SIMCHAT TORAH Rejoicing the Torah. A Jewish festival that marks the end and the beginning of Scripture reading

SLICHOT Midnight or early morning services beginning a week before Rosh Hashana

SPIEL Yiddish for play

SUKKAH, plural SUKKOTH A Temporary structure with a roof of leaf boughs or straw built by Jews for the Harvest Festival commemorating the tabernacles of the exodus

TALIT, plural TALEITIM Jewish prayer shawl

TALMUD The collection of writings constituting Jewish laws

TALMUD TORAH Institution where Jewish children are taught the Scriptures

TANAI Learned person who participated in the collection of writings and establishing the Jewish law after the destruction of the Second Temple

TASHLICH A prayer which is recited on the second day of Rosha Hashana near a water or sea

TEFILIN Phylacteries. Small leather cases containing passages from Scripture and affixed to the forehead and to the left arm by male Jews during morning services on weekdays

TISHA B'Av The ninth day of the month of Av. A fast day commemorating the destruction of the First and Second Temples

TORAH The whole body of Jewish religious literature

TOWN DRUMMER or ANNOUNCER Ordinances were made known by using drums in the market place in order to gather all the inhabitants

TUV B'SHVAT Jewish Arboretum Day observed in the Holy Land

TZADIK, plural TZDIKIM Righteous people

TZITIT or TZITZIOT Woollen fringes attached in the four corners of a prayer shawl or small ritual garment

UNETANEI or UNESANEI TOKEF KEDUSHAT HYOM An important prayer during the High Holiday services

UR KASDIM An ancient Babylonian place where the Patriarch Abraham was born

YARMULKE Scull cap worn by Jewish males

YEHUDA HALEVI A Hebrew poet

YESHIVA A college for Talmudic studies

YID Yiddish for Jew

YIDDISHE MAME Jewish mother

YIDDISHKEIT Jewishness, spiritual feeling of being Jewish

YITGADAL VEYITKADASH SHMEI RABA A prayer, praising G–d, recited in synagogue by mourners and also during the burial of a family member

YIZKOR Memorial Services for the departed

YOM KIPPUR Day of Atonement

ZAIDE Yiddish for grandfather

ZION The hill in Jerusalem on which the Temple was built

ZIONISM Movement for re–establishing and at present supporting the Jewish national State of Israel

ZLOTY, plural ZLOTYS Monetary unit of Poland

ZOHAR Mystical commentary on the Pentateuch

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“ABRIVELE DER MAMEN”	A letter to my mother. Yiddish folk song
AGUDAT ISRAEL	Hebrew for Union of Israel. Orthodox Jewish Movement
AL CHET	Hebrew for the sin, confession prayer recited on Yom Kippur
AL HANISIM	A prayer which is recited on Hanukkah and Purim
ALIYAH	Hebrew for immigration to the Holy Land
ALIYAH BETH	Clandestine immigration to the Holy Land
ALIYAH L'TORAH	Ascent to the platform where the Scripture reading takes place
AMALEKITES	The descendants of Amalek the grandson of Esau. Exodus ch.17
AMIDAH	Silent prayer which is recited thrice daily
ASMODEUS	An evil spirit in Jewish legends
AVINY MALKEINU	Hebrew for our Father, our King. A prayer which is recited on the High Holidays.

BAIS YACOV	A religious school for girls
BAAL SHEM TOV	Israel, the son of Eliezer. 1700–1760. Founder of a pious movement
BAR MITZVA	A Jewish boy who has reached thirteen. The age of religious duty and responsibility
BARTENURA	Meaning Rabbi Ovadia from Bartenura. A commentator of the codification of Jewish oral law
BARUCH ATA	Hebrew for praise Thy Name. The beginning of every blessing
BEIT HAMIDRASH	House of prayer and place of study of sacred books
BELVEDERE	The residence of the Polish Head of Government
BIMAH	Platform in a synagogue on which stands the desk from which the Scriptures are read
BLUE WHITE BOX	Collection box distributed by the Jewish National Fund
BNOS AGUDAT ISRAEL	Young women's section of the Orthodox Jewish Party
BRIT	Short for BRIT MILAH. The religious rite of circumcision.

CAPO or KAP	A concentration camp inmate in charge of other inmates
CHAD–GAD–YAW	Aramaic song which is sang during the Passover Seder
CHALLA	A traditional loaf of rich white bread for the Sabbath
CHEDER	Hebrew for room. A one–room religious school
CHEVRA KADISHA	Hebrew for Holy Society who takes care of the deceased
CHMIELNICKI	A Ukrainian massacre organizer, especially of Jews in the seventeen century
CHOL HAMOED	Light holiday on Passover and Sukkoth between the first and the last days of the holiday
CHOMETZ	Leavened foodstuff that may not be eaten on Passover
“CHOSHIVER”	Yiddish for Your Reverence
CHULENT or TCHULENT	Yiddish for food stored in the oven for the Sabbath noon meal
CHUMASH	The first five books of the Bible
CHUPPA	Wedding canopy

ELUL	The last month of the year in the Jewish calendar
ERETZ ISRAEL	Hebrew for the Holy Land
EREV PESACH	On the eve of Passover
EREV YOM KIPPUR	On the eve of the Day of Atonement
ETROG	A yellow citrus fruit resembling lime used during procession in the synagogue on the Harvest Festival in the autumn

GELT	Yiddish for money
GEMARA	The second and supplementary part of the Talmud
GOY	Gentile. Plural Goyim
GYMNASIUM	Secondary school in Poland

HACHSHARA	Hebrew for preparation. Training before immigrating to Israel
HAFTORAH	Hebrew for conclusion. It is the lesson from the Prophets recited immediately after reading from the Pentateuch on the Sabbath
HAGGADAH	Narrative of the Exodus read at the Passover seders
HAGANA	Jewish self–defence during the British mandate in Palestine
HAKAFOT	Procession inside the synagogue during the celebration of rejoicing the ending and beginning of reading the Scriptures
HALACHA	Laws or ordinances not written down in the Scriptures but based on oral interpretation
HALLEL	A part of the Jewish religious services consisting of Psalms 113–118 inclusive recited or sung on certain festivals
HALUTZ, plural HALUTZIM	A Jewish pioneer in agricultural settlements of modern Israel
HAMAN	A Persian official who sought destruction of the Jews and was hanged when his plot was exposed
HAMAVDIL	A Saturday night song which is sung after the departure of the Sabbath
HANUKKAH	Jewish festival commemorating the redemption of the Temple on 165B.C
HASSIDIM	Members of pious Jewish sect originated in the 18^th Century in Poland
“HASHOMER”	The watchman
HASKALA	Hebrew for enlightenment. A movement among the Jews in the other half of the 19th Century
HASMONAIM	A High Priest with his sons who revolted against the Greeks
HEIMISH	Yiddish for friendliness
HORA	Lively Israel folk dance
HOSHANA RABA	The 7^th day of the Harvest Festival
HOSHANOT, plural HOSANNA	Hebrew for praise to G–d

IN SHUL ARAAN	Yiddish. A early morning call from the sexton to come to the synagogue

JUDENRAT	German for Jewish Council appointed by the German authorities to administer the ghetto

KABBALA	An occult philosophy of certain Jewish Rabbis in the Middle Ages

KADDISH	A mourner's prayer praising G–d
KAPAROT, plural KAPARAH	A symbolic ceremony taking place before the day of Atonement in which the sins of a person are transferred to a fowl – a white hen or rooster
KAPO	See Capo
KASHRUTH	The dietary regulations of Judaism
KEHILLAH	The leadership of a Jewish Community
KIDDUSH	Benediction recited over wine
KINDERLECH	Yiddish for children in an endearing manner
KLEZMORIM	Yiddish for orchestra
KLOIZ	Yiddish for house of prayers
KOL CHAMIRA	A prayer which is recited on Passover Eve while clearing away the leavened food
KOL NIDREI	The prayer of atonement recited at the opening of the Yom Kippur services
KOSHER	Fit to eat according to the dietary laws
KREPLACH	Yiddish for small casings of dough filled with ground meat, boiled and served usually in soup
KRIAT SHEMA	Declaration of the basic principle of Jewish belief recited thrice daily
KUGEL	Sabbath delicacy. A crusty baked pudding made of potatoes or noodles
KVITTEL	Yiddish for note. Folded note addressed to a Rabbi containing a special request or wish that the Rabbi should pray for

LAG B'OMER	A Jewish holiday observed on the 18^th day of the month of Iyar
LANDSMAN, plural LANDSLEIT	Fellow countryman/men
L'CHAIM	To live, cheers
LECHA DODI	Hebrew song welcoming the Queen of Sabbath
LEVIATHAN	Bible, sea monster or a whale
LULAV	Hebrew for palm branch used in the procession in the synagogue during the Harvest Festival

MINYAN	Hebrew for quorum. A properly constituted group for a public Jewish prayer of at least ten Jewish males
MISHLOACH MANOT	Hebrew for sending gifts, a tradition observed on Purim holidays
MISHNAYOTH	The first part of the Talmud containing traditional oral interpretation of scriptural ordinances
MITZVA	Fulfilling a commandment
MIZMOR SHIR	Hymn from the Psalms (Ps.ch.30) sung on Hanukkah
MIZRACHI	A religious Zionist Organization
MUSSAF	The last part of the Sabbath and holiday services
MAARIV	Evening prayer
MAFTIR	The last part of the Scripture reading on Sabbath and holidays
MAIMONIDES	Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon. 1135–1204. Physician and philosopher in Egypt
MAH NISHTANA	Hebrew for what is different? The beginning of the four questions asked by a child at the ceremony celebrated on Passover night

MAOZ TZUR	A Hanukkah song
MAROR	Hebrew for bitter herbs eaten during the ceremony on Passover night
MARANOS, plural of MARANO	In the Spanish Inquisition, a Jew forced to profess Christianity in order to escape death
MATZA, plural MATZOT	Flat unleavened bread eaten during the Passover
MEGILLAH	Hebrew for scroll. The story of Esther which is read on Purim is called Megillah
MELAMED, plural MELAMDIM	Hebrew for teachers
MELAVEH MALKA	Literary: escorting the Queen. A Saturday night meal in honour of the outgoing of the Sabbath Queen. (Sabbath is endearingly called the Sabbath Queen)
MENORAH	Seven branch candelabrum. A traditional symbol of Judaism
MENTCHEN, plural for MENTCH	Yiddish for a human being
MIDRASH	Rabbinical commentaries and explanatory notes on the Scriptures
MIKVA	Ritual bath in which Orthodox Jews immerse themselves for ritual purification
MINCHA	Afternoon services

NEILAH	Concluding services on the Day of Atonement
NKVD	Soviet Secret Police
NETILAT YADAIM	Blessing which is recited during hand washing before a meal
NETUREI KARTA	An extreme religious sect in Jerusalem
NU!	Yiddish expression. Well! Come on!

OR HAGANUZ	Ancient Hebrew Hanukkah song

PILSUDSKI JOZEF	Polish General and statesman. 1867–1935
PINKAS plural PINKASIM	Daily Journal of a Jewish Community
POGROM	Russian for an organized persecution and massacre
PURIM	A Jewish holiday. The feast of lots celebrated on the 14^th of Adar
PUSHKE	Yiddish for collection box

RAMBAM	Abbreviation of Reb Moshe Ben Maimon. See Maimonides
REB	Hebrew title for Sir or Mister
REBETZIN	A Rabbi's wife
RESPONSA	A compilation of questions and answers on Jewish laws
“REVEE”	Hebrew for forth – the fourth person called to the reading of the Scriptures on Sabbaths and holidays
ROSH HASHANA	Jewish New Year

SABBATH GOY	A gentile who helps to do things that Jews are forbidden to do on Sabbath and holidays such as starting a fire or turning lights on
SEDER	Ceremony celebrated at table in the home on Passover night
SHA GOYIM	Be quiet! A scolding expression when people converse during religious services
SHALOM ALEICHEM	Peace to you. Traditional Jewish greeting
SHAVUOTH	The Feast of Weeks. A Jewish holiday
SHEIGATZ	Yiddish for impudent boy
SHEKEL	An ancient monetary unit
SHEMA ISRAEL	The opening of the declaration of the basic principle of Jewish belief proclaiming the absolute unity of G–d
SHEMINI ATZERET	The eight–day of solemn Assembly celebrated after the seventh day of Harvest Festival
SHEOL	(Bible). A place in the depths of earth conceived of as the dwelling of the dead
SHMALTZ	Yiddish for fats
SHOCHET	Ritual slaughterer
SHOFAR	A ram's horn blown in synagogues on Rosh Hashana and at the end of Atonement Day
SHOMREI SHABOS	Jews who strictly observe the Sabbath
SHUL	Same as synagogue
SHTETL	Yiddish for a little town
SHTREIMEL	Fur hat worn by some Orthodox Jews on Sabbaths and holidays
SIMCHAT TORAH	Rejoicing the Torah. A Jewish festival that marks the end and the beginning of Scripture reading
SLICHOT	Midnight or early morning services beginning a week before Rosh Hashana
SPIEL	Yiddish for play
SUKKAH, plural SUKKOTH	A Temporary structure with a roof of leaf boughs or straw built by Jews for the Harvest Festival commemorating the tabernacles of the exodus

TALIT, plural TALEITIM	Jewish prayer shawl
TALMUD	The collection of writings constituting Jewish laws
TALMUD TORAH	Institution where Jewish children are taught the Scriptures
TANAI	Learned person who participated in the collection of writings and establishing the Jewish law after the destruction of the Second Temple
TASHLICH	A prayer which is recited on the second day of Rosha Hashana near a water or sea
TEFILIN	Phylacteries. Small leather cases containing passages from Scripture and affixed to the forehead and to the left arm by male Jews during morning services on weekdays
TISHA B'Av	The ninth day of the month of Av. A fast day commemorating the destruction of the First and Second Temples
TORAH	The whole body of Jewish religious literature
TOWN DRUMMER or ANNOUNCER	Ordinances were made known by using drums in the market place in order to gather all the inhabitants
TUV B'SHVAT	Jewish Arboretum Day observed in the Holy Land
TZADIK, plural TZDIKIM	Righteous people
TZITIT or TZITZIOT	Woollen fringes attached in the four corners of a prayer shawl or small ritual garment

UNETANEI or UNESANEI TOKEF KEDUSHAT HYOM	An important prayer during the High Holiday services
UR KASDIM	An ancient Babylonian place where the Patriarch Abraham was born

YARMULKE	Scull cap worn by Jewish males
YEHUDA HALEVI	A Hebrew poet
YESHIVA	A college for Talmudic studies
YID	Yiddish for Jew
YIDDISHE MAME	Jewish mother
YIDDISHKEIT	Jewishness, spiritual feeling of being Jewish
YITGADAL VEYITKADASH SHMEI RABA	A prayer, praising G–d, recited in synagogue by mourners and also during the burial of a family member
YIZKOR	Memorial Services for the departed
YOM KIPPUR	Day of Atonement

ZAIDE	Yiddish for grandfather
ZION	The hill in Jerusalem on which the Temple was built
ZIONISM	Movement for re–establishing and at present supporting the Jewish national State of Israel
ZLOTY, plural ZLOTYS	Monetary unit of Poland
ZOHAR	Mystical commentary on the Pentateuch