[Page 200]

	Pages
A
Abelov, Zalman Schneur	41, 123, 126
Aeronson, Moshe	172
Agudat Israel	95, 106
Aharonowitz, Rabbi Itzchak Ben-Nachum Menachem	91-92, 93, 95
Akiva, Rabbi	156-157
Aliyah, post-Second World War	172
Alkalaim, Rabbi	92
Alter, Yentel Gershovitz, Holocaust recollections of	160-162
Anti-Semitism, see also Holocaust. Lithuania, early history of	27, 31, 32, 33, 74, 80, 174
Arama, Rabbi Isaac ben	92
Arman-Ptyorski, Rachel, memories of	82-83
Auerbach, Chaya	30
Auerbach, Rivkah (later Rivkah Yad-Shalom)	123
Auschwitz	153, 158
B
B'noth Zion Association	21
Babchiks, David and family	122
Babush, Chone	81
Babush Faige	30
Babush, Shlomo	81
Babush, Shoshana Berelowitz	123
Babuv, Buka	163
Balfour Declaration	62, 113, 139
Ballin, Moshe	81
Ballin, Shraga	186
Beit Midrash, opposite	34, new 41, 43-44, 60, 64, 68, 70, 83, 130, 143, 154, 156, 164, 168
Beit Midrash, old	40, 51
Ben Amara, Rabbi Isaac
Bendet, Rabbi Baruch	91, 92, 95, 97
Bendet, Yoel	97
Berelowitz, Leah	123
Bergen Belsen concentration camp	82
Berman, Rabbi Isaac Gershon	97-98
Berman, Uri	121
Betar	53, 55
Betrak (Linde), Tzila, memories of	66-67
Biers	176-177
Bikkur Cholim Society	21, 59
Birger, Mirz	187-188
Birk, Dov and family	123
Blockh, Esther	161-163
Bloch Isaac	168
Bloch, Rachel	162
Bloch, Rochel - see Groll, Rochel
Borstein, Rabbi Avraham Aaron	103-104
Bramson, Moshe	120
Brik, Miriam recollections of	51, 53-55
Brik, Tsvi	73-74
Broer, Sarah	177-178
Bronfman, Edgar	170
Bund, Bundists	19, 50, 54
Burstein, Rabbi Avraham Aron	94
C
Caspar, Rabbi	24
Chaim, Rabbi of Volozchin	23
Chanaya,Nachman Liopman	92
Chazan, Yehudit, memories of	77-79
Chinitz, Chana Goldberg, memories	63
Cohani, Shmaryahu and Leah	122
Communists, Communism	54, 143, 150, 160
Conscription	15-16, 41-42
Council of the Four Lands	14,35
D
Davidowitz, Rabbi Moshe Aharon	103-104

[Page 201]

Depression, post First World War	50-51
Dinaburg (Dinur), Professor Ben-Zion	120
Dinitz, Simcha	170
Displalced Persons Cam, Feldafing	156
Displaced Persons Camps, Germany	149
Dovar, Ida Yanke	60
Dvinsk, Latvia	98
E
Eblin Mr. bank manager	62
Einsatzkommando 2	145, 152
Einsatzkommando 3	145, 146
Einsatzgruppe-A	144, 145, 150
Einsatzgruppe-B	144
Einsatzgruppe-C	144
Einsatzgruppen-D	144
Einsatzguppen	144
Eishyshok	98
Elijah, Rabbi with wife Masha, sons Avraham and Meir	123
Emigration from Lithuania, see also Riteve, immigration to USA and South Africa, and Aliyah from	18-19
Enlightenment Movement	18, 23, 24, 45, 55
Eppel, Aaron, photographer	118
Epstein, Rabbi Mordecai	108
Epstein, Rabbi Moshe	108
Erman, Asher	75
Estonia, death camps in	148
F
Faktor, Zvi	36
Feivish, Mishka	159
Fellow Townsmen Association of Ritavas in Israel and Abroad	21
Finkel, Rabbi Natan Zvi (Grandfather from Slobodka)	98, 107-110
First World War	46-49, 110, 138
Flax dealing	78, 80
Flax industry	35
Fleisher, Leah	162
Folkists	54
Folksbank	89, 123, 126
Forced labour camps, German First World War	48
Freedman, Bertha	118
Friedman, Rachel	30, 36, 39
Friedman, Shimon	65, 81
Friedman, Shimon, memories of	64-65
Friedman, Yehuda	185-186
Fundiler, David	72
Fundiler, Rabbi Shmuel	21, 28, 106-107, 108, 109, 110, 149-150, 154, 157, 159, 160
G
Galaun, Abe	171, 179
Galaun, Mrs. H	79
Galaun, Moshe	60
Gaon of Vilna	23, 24, 83
Geffen, Lyova, wife of Rabbi AS Geffen	62
Geffen, Rabbi avraham Shimon	62, 99-100, 101
Geffen, Rabbi Daven Ben Zion	98
Geffen, Yitzchak Eliyahu	98-99
Gelman, Chana	122
Geniss, Malka	30
Gerber, Herschel	157, 160
German Orthodox Movement	95, 108
Germany, death camps in	148-149
Gillon, Zvi	81
Giroli, near Telx	83, 152, 155, 157, 164
Girshowitz, Yaakov Ber	161
Goldberg, Avraham (Alter) Izchak	36, 109 (2), 141
Goldberg. Elikum Yehuda	95
Goldberg, Shenka	30
Goldshmidt, Shlomo, Centre	46
Gordon, Rabbi Eliezer	100
Grandfather from Slobodka - see Finkel, Rabbi Natan Zvi
Grod, Gavariel (Gabriel) Ben Za'ev	91
Groll, David	180, 181, 182
Groll, Israel	168, 180, 181, 182
Groll, Rachel see Karniel, Rachel
Groll, Rochel	168-169, 180, 182, 183
Groll, Ura	182
Gross, Alte	30
Gross, Uri	163
Grudzenski, Rabbi Chaim Ozer	100
H
Hachsharah	74-75, 83, 122, 158
Hacohen, Rabbi Avraham	98
Halachah, see also Riteve, scholarship in	27, 101

[Page 202]

Halkin, S. memories of	88-89
Ha-Magid	96
Ha-Melitz	96, 98
Handler, David	41
Harris, Rabbi Cyril	24
Hashomer Hatzair	22, 53, 54, 74, 79, 80, 82, 122, 124(2), 125(2)
Haskalah - see Enlightenment Movement
Hassidim	24, 28
Hatsfira	96
Hebrew School	13, 21, 32(2), 36, 37-39, (6), 41, 42, 50, 52(2), 53, 55, 58, 62, 63, 72-73, 79, 82, 111, 141(2), 156
He-Chalutz	22, 53, 54
Heidekrug - see Labour camps
Heiman, Rabbi David (Dov) Zvi	110
Heiman, Ze'ev	81
Hieller, Rabbi Dr. Chaim	99
Herz, Rabbi Naftali	91
Herzl, Theodore	25, 79, 83, 103
Heydrich, Reinhard	143-144
Heyman, Rabbi Moshe Aharon	59
Hibbat-Zion Movement	44, 92, 113
Hildesheimer, Rabbi Dr. Azriel	96, 99
Hirsch, Rabbi Neta	108
Hirsch, Rabbi Raphael of Frankfurt am Main	108
Hirshovitz, Miss	30
Hirshovitz, Shmuel, see Shavit, Shmuel
Hirshowitz, Feige Rachel	60, 77, 97
Hitahudat	53, 55
Holocaust, see also Riteve, Holocaust in, summary of	26, 35, 57, 90, 104, 143-149, 170
Holocaust, view of scenes today	173-174, 177, 182
Hon, Meir (Meir the Meirer)	59
Hurwitz, Rabbi Jozel	98
I
Ittes, Elka	103
Itzikowitz, Chaim	81
Itzikowitz, Rabbi Joseph	113
J
Jager, Karl	146
Japan, see Russo-Japanese War
Jewish Agency	170
Jewish Central Historical Committee	149, 156
Jewish Community Centre Building, Riga	171, 172
Jewish National Council	31
Jewish National Fund	21-22, 62, 64, 78, 102, 120, 121
Jewish National Fund (Keren Kayemet)	113, 139
Jewish People's bank see Folksbank
Hjews, education of	17-18, 27
Joseph, Reb Dov Ber	60
Judelis, Alexander v	21, 22, 174, 176, 180-182, 181
Judelis, Leokadija	176, 181
Jurmala, seaside resort near Riga	172, 173
K
Kahaneman, Rabbi	23
Kaidan	98, 99
Kalisher, Rabbi Zvi Hirsch	92
Kaplan, David	170, 173, 175
Kaplan, Jessie	183
Kaplan, Jill	170, 173, 174, 175
Kaplan, Menachem Mendel (Max)	168, 178
Kaplan, Mendel, recollections of return to Lithuanian shtetl	168-183
Kaplan, Rabbi Avraham Eliyahu	99
Karabelnik, Rose	168
Karmon-Kemil, Ita B, memories of	68, 70-71
Karniel, Rachel, memories of	79-80
Karon, Rabbi Chaim Zulman Ben-Eliyahu Leib	94
Katz, Leib	75
Katz, Moshe	157, 160
Kelm	77, 107
Keren Hayesod	100, 113, 120
Keren Kayemet see Jewish National Fund
Kleizmerim (folk musicians)	60, 82
Kol Israel	106
Koppel, Leah	162
Kos, David	36, 41
Kos, Moshe	36, 37, 41
Kovno (Kaunas)	29, 31, 43, 78, 80, 98, 101, 104, 112, 115, 118, 146, 147, 174

[Page 203]

Kovno ghetto	147-148
Krakinovo	168, 179-180
Kruskal family	21, 51, 52
Kushlick, Janie	183
L
Labour camps in environs of Heidekrug, near Memel	150, 152, 157, 158
Landsman, Hadassah Katz, memories of	63-64, 124
Landsman, Yaron	187
Latvia, death camps in	148
Latvian Cultural Society	171-172
Law and Order Police (Ordnungspolizei)	144
League of Nations	29-31
Leib der Satnik	103
Leviatan, Ya'acov ('Yankel der Lerer')	101-102
Levinson, Frieda	36, 58
Levinson-Friedman, ethel, Holocaust recollections of	154-156
Levit-Berelowitz, Rachel	155
Levite, Alter frontispiece,	13, 21, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39(2), 40-51
(author)	41, 58, 62, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 82, 101-102
(author)	111
(author)	115
(author)	138-140
Levite, Dvora	30
Levite, Joseph	120
Levite, Miriam (Tzvik)	30, 36, 38, 42, 58, 74, 75, 91-92
(author)	141
Levite, Miriam (Tsvik), memories of	57, 59-60, 62
Liba the musician	60
Licht, Rabbi Abraham	92
Lietivos Taryba - see Lithuania, National Council of
Lifshitz, Rabbi and wife	122
Lifshitz, Ya'acov	120
Linat Tzedak	27, 59, 79, 82, 89, 123, 127
Linder, Rachel	71, 124
Lipkin, Rabbi Israel of Salant (Rabbi Salanta)	24, 107
Lipowitz, Rabbi Joseph Ze've	94, 106, 108-110
Lithuania, census 1923-31, Council of	23
early history of	12-14
emigration from	27, 33
map of	10-11
National Council of (Lietuvos Taryba)	29, 50
new government in	49-50
yeshivot	23
Lithuanian Active Front	145
Lithuanian Cultural Society	172, 174
Loit, Rivka	159
Londe, Eliezer	75
Lubavitch Movement	24
Luykeve	157
M
Ma'ot Hittim	21
Mabush, Chayka	159
Maccabi in Riteve	115, 116-117, 118-199
Machati, Isvi Nadel	122
Marcus, Rrabbi Baruch	100-101
Marcus, Rabbi Meir Falk	100
Melamed, Loyova	36, 39
Memel	35, 40, 48, 53, 70, 71, 74, 77, 78, 80, 154
Memel, flax laboratory in	158
Meyerowitz, Sheva Katz	60
Mildorf camp, near Dachau	152, 158
Miller, Bina	30
Miller, Chana	30
Mina (nicknamed 'the Kitkah')	60
Mir, yeshiva at	104
Mitnagdim	24
Movashovitz, Abraham Shabtai	110-111
Movshovits, Chaya	155
Musar movement	97-97, 100-101, 104, 157
N
Neustadt	157-158
Nieman, River	35, 68, 107-108, 112-113
Nigowitz, Zira	30
Ninth Fort, near Kovno	148
O
Oginski family	17, 19-20, 40-41, 43, 87-88, 91-92, 103, 118, 168, 182
Oginski park	66-67, 68, 78, 80, 87
opposite	114, 150, 160, 181

[Page 204]

Olshwang, Moshe	163
Olshwang, Zlatta, Holocaust memories of	162-164
Orbach, Ema	60
Oshn, Rabbi Ephraim	154
P
Paktor, Izchak Zvi	36, 38, 42, 141
Pale of Settlement	15, 17-18
Pahuski, Penina	30
Pastravinska	168, 179, 180-181, 183
Pastravinska, Kaplan/Kushlick family group at	182
Peddling	57, 70-71
Peskin (student, first name unknown)	81
Peskin, Shmuel	81
Pikin, Dr	38, 62, 121
ilsudski, ozef	29
Ploksht, Nathan	72
Plungyan	53, 113, 118, 157
Pogroms	17-18, 45, 145
Poland	14, 29, 31
Poland, death camps in	148, 149
Polish-Lithuanian disjpute	30
Ponery	147, 148
Ponery, forest of	170, 173
Ponevezh	23, 105, 107
Pose sisters, Leika and Esther	71
Prisman (Zundel), Chanoch, account of father	112-114
Prisman, Eliezer	36, 62, 112-114, 119-120, 121
Prisman, Reshl	123
Prisman,Zipora	30
R
Rabinowitz, Miriam	36,38
Rabinowitz, Sarah Gitel	30
Rabinowitz, Rabbi Itzchak Yaakov (Isaac Jacob)	104, 107
Radiskansky,Felix	157, 160
Radviliskis	174, 175, 176
Raidan, province of	35
Rayin, near Telz	152, 161, 162, 164
Reichssicherheitshauptamt - RSHA	143, 147
Rifkus, Moses	14-15
Riga	170, 171, 173, 174
Riga ghetto	173
Ritavas community, title page of original book	frontpiece
Riteve, alternative names of	8
Aliyah from	53, 58, 64, 66, 71, 74-75, 76, 78, 79+, 80, 82, 84, 90, 91, 95, 100, 104, 105, 106, 111, 126
see also photos of Hashomer Hatzair; artisans in	44, 57-58
babies, newborn, customs pertaining to	84
Beilis trial, effect of	45-46
Bessarabia, donations to the hungry from, list of donors 1900	184
books, school printing of	72-73, 111
business statistics	22
candle factory in	102
Chevra Gemara group in	59-60
Chevra Kadisha (burial society)	60, 61(2), 138
commerce in	44, 53, 57, 71, 74, 159
community library in	53, 62, 72
'Di-shul' synagogue	60
doctors from, see also Dr Pikin;	95
Dramatic Circle in	65
dramatic entertainment by Posel sisters	71
dramatic performances by schoolchildren in	71
dramatic performances by visiting groups	72
emigration from	8, 46, 51, 55, 78,
electricity in	43, 77, 183
Erev Pesach incident in 1925 or	26, 131-133
famine in	43
Fifteenth of Shevat in	140
film shows on Sundays in	71, 82
fire brigade in	45, 46
fire in	45
forest trees in	79
fruit in	80
funerals in	60, 86, 103
Hachnasat Kalah in	89
Hannukah in	76, 140
history of	35-55
Holocaust in	106, 112, 119, 143-167
Holocaust in, list of victims	165-167
Holocaust in summary of	149-150, 152
Holocaust, recollections of	68-70, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 89,113-144
Holy Ark in synagiogyue	83, 85, 130
houses in	43
immigration to USA and South africa	71, 76, 100, 104, 110
Junior Talmudic College in	156
kindergarten in	72
Lag Ba'Omer in	133-134
market opposite	16, 53, 57, 67, 78, 82, 129
Maos Chitim (Matzot fund for Pesach)	60, 89
music in, see also kleizerim	76, 82, 83-84, 86, 103, 112, 118
memorial to martyrs of, Holocaust Memorial, Mount Zion	145
mikveh, modern	77, 97
newspapers read in	76
night classes in	30
Ninth of Av in	134-135

[Page 205]

Passover in	82, 129, 131
plagues in	42-43
population of	19-20, 26-27
Purim in	141-142
Purim after suicide of Oginski	168
rabbinical court in	91
rabbis of, early	91
Rosh Hashanah in	135
Sabbath in	82, 88-89, 128-129
scholarship in	36, 43-44, 48, 54-55, 57, 59, 64, 72, 77, 83, 89, 90, 99, 106
schools in	45, 47-48, 48-49
schools in (German), see also Hebrew School	77, 78, 108, 120, 133, 159
Scout Group (Tsofim) in	69(2), 73-74, 79
Shavuot in	134
Simchat Torah incident in 1920s	138-140
street in picture of	89
Succoth in	137-138
synagogue in	54, 59, 60, 73-74, 75, 76, 78, 85
opposite	90, 103, 130, 158, 164
weddings in	56, 58, 60-61, 83-84, 86
Women's Society	60, 97
yeshiva in	68, 106, 107, 108
Yom Kippur in	136
view of early 1930s	18
Zionism in	44, 45, 53, 55, 62, 70, 73, 75, 78, 82, 83, 119-123, 138-140
See also Beit Midrash, Bikkur Cholim, Linat Tedek, Maccabi in Riteve, Oginski family, Oginski park
Riteve, martyrs of, memorial to in Forest of the Sacred	151(2), 153(2)
Riteve tablet at Mount Zion, Jerusalem, Holocaust Memorial	145-148
Ritover, Rabbi Berl	97
Robinson, Dr. Jacob	34
Rosin, Rabbi Joseph	98
Rosenbaum, Shimon	31
RSHA - see Reichssicherheitshauptamt
Rumbulas, forest at	173
Russian Emire, ownership of land in, ch. 4 note 1	193
Russian Revolution	49
Russo-Japanese War	44
S
Saks, Dr. Bendet	72, 78
Saks, Gita	30
memories of	77-79
Saks, Gits, family of	78-79
Saks, Hillel	112
Saks (Zaks), Nachum, treasurer of synagogue	60, 78
Saks, Rabbi Joel Dov	112
Saks, Samuel	62
Saks, Shalom	81
Saks, Shmuel	41
Saks, Tamar	30
Saks-Noy, Chaya, memories of	80, 82
Salanta, Rabbi see Lipkin, Rabbi Israel
Salzman, David	75, 155
Salzman, David, Holocaust recollections of	158-160
Salzman, Shlomop Jakov	81
Schweitzen, Rivkin and Rivka	163
Second World War - see also Holocaust and Riteve, Holocaust in	140
Security Police, Nazi (Sipo)	144
Security Service, Nazi (Sicherheitsdienst)	144
Sefer Kesher Torah, title page	93
Segal, Mendel	118
Segal, Menucha	30
Segal,Mordecai Isaac	36, 60
Segal, Rabbi Mordecai Itzchak	96
Serfdom system	16-17
Shadove	104, 177, 178, 179-180
Shapira, Esther	30
Shapira, Feige Rosa	30
Shapiro, Chanan	159
Shavit, Shmuel (formerly Hirshowitz)	122
Shavli	51, 80, 146, 152, 158
Shavli ghetto	147, 152
ch.9 note	58, 162
Shemot (damaged books), funeral of	61(2)
Shenker, Shaul, Holocaust recollections of	156-158
Shera, Dr. Mwendel Yehuda Leib	95
Shera, Rabbi Vol Shlomo	95
Shmole, Gutman	75
Shurin (Mishuris), Rabbi Moshe	104-105
Shurin (Mishuris), Rabbi Moshe, children of	105
Shurin, Rabbi Aharon Ben Zion	105-106
author	106-108
author	131-133
Shurin, Rabbi Aharon Ben Zion, memories of	68
Singer, Chaya	30
Singer, Harry v.	21, 58, 115, 118-119
Singer, Leah and husband	122
Singer, Michah	122
Singer, Miss	30

[Page 206]

Slobodka yeshiva	36, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 110, 111, 113, 119
Smetona, Antanas	31
Smoller, Nachman	157, 160
Soloveichik, Mordecai (Max)	31, 50
Soloveichik, Rabbi Chaim Halevi	104
Sore the 'Drei Kop'	103
Soviet Union	33, 34
Stahlecker, Franz	145-146, 150
Stras, Joseph (Reb Yosheik)	36
Strass, Baruch	81
Sulvak province	119
Svekotos Potikrinti ghetto	162
T
Tagblat	96
Tamuz	114
Tavrig	16, 111
Telz	16, 35, 77, 78, 161,164, 176
Telz, forests near	173
Telz ghetto	152, 157, 164
Telz, Jews living in today	174
Telz, work camps near	164
Telz, yeshiva	21, 36,. 78,. 81(2), 82, 99, 101, 105, 110, 112, 175
Tel yeshiva students	81(2)
Timber industry	35, 77
Todres, Amula	60
Tollman, Jehiel	81
Troyv, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Simcha	98
Tsar Alexander II	16
Tsar Alexander III	18, 43
Tsar Nicholas I	15, 42
Tsar, rebellion against 1905	44-45
Tavik, Miriam - see Levite, Miriam	75
Tverige	75, 77
Tzvi, Shmuel, wife Sara Frida and two sons	76-77
U
Udwin, Joseph	62
Udwin, Reb Feivel	60
Ukranian Cossack Rebellion 1648	14
Union of Lublin	14-15
V
Va'ad Lita	14, 22-23
Varkul, Shimon	72-73, 111, 121
Varna	92
Velves, Feiga	76
Verkul, Dvorah	122
Verkul,Rachel	123
Verkul, Shima	62
Verkul, Shimon	121, 122
Verkul, Zita	30
Vershminkai (organisation of Lithuanian traders and workers)	33
Vilna (Vilnius)	29, 30, 31, 33, 93, 146, 147, 158, 159, 170, 172, 173, 176
Vilna Gaon - see Gaon of Vilna
Vilna ghetto	147-148
Vilna, synagogye in	169, 174
Vishtevian, camp near Telz	150, 152, 161
Volozchin yeshiva	101
W
Waffen SS	144
Wagner, General Edward	144
Warsaw	120, 152, 158
Wehrmacht	144-147
Weiner Ya'kov, memories of	83-84
Wolf, Isser Ber	120
Wolf, Izchak	81
Wolfovits, Gershke	163
World Jewish Congress	169-170
Wygodsky, Dr. Jacob	31
Y
Yad Vashem	149
Yanke, Meir ('The Hare')	103
Yarkovski, Sara (Memories of)	72-76
Yeshiva students, hospitality to	64, 77
Yeshivot	28
YIVO	149
Yizhak, Saks	185
Yizkor book, purpose of	85
Yossel, Rev, daughters of	157
Yureh, River	35, 66, 68, 80, 82
Z
Zaacks, Aharon Ben Dov	60
Zaks, Hillel	72
Zalmanovitz, Rabbi Aron	94
Zalmonovitz, Aharon Shlomo (Solomon) (Riteve Reb)	20
Zalmonowitz, Rabbi Solomon	100-101, 121
Zaltsman, Miriam	59

[Page 207]

Zaltsman, Rivka	123
Zaltsman, Rivka, memories of	76-77, 103, 123
Zaltsman, Shmuel Zvi	60
Zalutsky, Graf	40
Ze'irel Zion Movement	82, 119
Zelikovitz, Rabbi Getzel	20-21, 40, 86-88
(memories of)	95-96, 122
Zelker, Moshe	118
Zilber, Rabbi Fishel	157
Zinger-Taich, Rachel	152
Zionism	18, 21-22, 25, 27, 28, 50, 54, 92, 111, 113, 115
see also Riteve, Zionism in
Zusman, Ber and Tovah	122
Zvik, Miriam, recollections of 'characters'	103
Zwi, Rabbi Simcha Zissel	107

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