Debrecen, Hungary

Hundred Years of Debrecen Jewry;
In Memory of the Martyrs of Debrecen and Vicinity
(Debrecen, Hungary)

47°32' / 21°38'

Translation of
Mea shana le-yehudei Debrecen;
le-zekher kedoshei ha-kehila ve-yishuvei ha-seviva

Author: Moshe Elijahu Gonda

Published in Tel Aviv 1970

Our sincere appreciation to Yad Vashem
for the submission of the necrology for placement on the JewishGen web site.

This is a translation of: Mea shana le-yehudei Debrecen; le-zekher kedoshei ha-kehila ve-yishuvei ha-seviva
(Hundred years of Debrecen Jewry; in memory of the martyrs of Debrecen and vicinity),
Author: Moshe Elijahu Gonda, Committee for Commemoration of the Debrecen Jewry, Published: Tel Aviv 1970 (H, Hu 409 pages)

Note: The original book can be seen online at the NY Public Library site: Debrecen

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fulfilling our mission of disseminating information about the Holocaust and destroyed Jewish communities.
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Hebrew translated by Yocheved Klausner

Hungarian translated by Andrew Lenard

Hebrew

Introduction by Prof, Shmuel Levinger 7

An Eternal Candle by Jeno Csengeri 9

Sources for the history of the Debrecen Jews by Moshe Eliyahu Gonda 10

1. The city of Debrecen 13

2. Jewish merchants and fair-traders in Debrecen 19

3. The first years in Debrecen 1840-1848 25

4. Consolidation of the Jewish Community 1849-1867 39

5. The emancipation generation 55

6. The Golden Age of the Debrecen community 1890-1914 69

7. The establishment of the orthodox community 1886-1918 101

8. WWI and the period of crises that followed 1914-1922 107

9. Under the sign of “Hope for Peace” 1922-1929 122

10. The time of the Great Crisis and the shadow of rising Nazism 1929-1938 156

11. On the downward slope of persecution 1938-1944 187

12. The Haredi [ultra-orthodox] community, its flourishing and its destruction (1918-1944) 204

13. The Holocaust, the Ghetto and the deportation 1944 214

14. “A glowing ember on the ashes” 1944-1960 231

15. Communities in the neighborhood of Debrecen 247

I shall be their Sanctuary by Dr. Yosef Yitzhak Berg 247

   Hajdunanas 248

   Balmazujvaros 253

   Hajdusamson 255

   Teglas 257

   Vamospercs 259

   Derecske 260

   Konyar 262

    Mikepercs 263

List of victims 265

Hungarian

Introduction by Samuel Lowinger 7

Dedication by Jeno Csengeri 9

Sources for the history of Debrecen Jewry by E.M.Gonda 11

1. The city of Debrecen 15

2. Jewish merchants in a town of animosity 20

3. First years in Debrecen, 1840–1848 20

4. Founding of the Community, 1849–1867 40

5. The generation of emancipation 55

6. Golden age of the Community, 1890–1914 69

7. Founding the Orthodox Community, 1866–1918 102

8. The era of World War I and consecutive crises, 1914-1922 109

9. Hopes during the ‘20s, 1922–1929 128

10. In shadow of the great economic crisis and the threat of Nazism, 1929–1938 167

11. On the downslope of anti-Jewish legislation, 1938-1944 199

12. Development of Orthodoxy until the age of destruction, 1918–1944 226

13. Year of catastrophe. Ghetto and deportation 240

13. The persecutions, the Ghetto and the deportation 240

14. New life over the ruins 267

15. Neighboring smaller communities

“I shall become their small sanctuary” by Jozsef Berg 295

   Hajdunanas 296

   Balmazujvaros 303

   Hajdusamson 306

   Teglas 308

   Vamospercs 310

   Derecske 312

   Konyar 314

   Mikepercs 316

Bibliography (list of sources) 318

Roster of victims 321

   Debrecen 323

   Hajdúnánás 385

   Balmazújváros, Egyek 395

   Hajdúsámson 397

   Téglás 399

   Vámospérc 400

   Derecske 403

   Konyár, Pocsaj, Esztár, Monostorpályi 407

   Mikepércs 409

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Hebrew

Introduction by Prof, Shmuel Levinger	7
An Eternal Candle by Jeno Csengeri	9
Sources for the history of the Debrecen Jews by Moshe Eliyahu Gonda	10

1. The city of Debrecen	13
2. Jewish merchants and fair-traders in Debrecen	19
3. The first years in Debrecen 1840-1848	25
4. Consolidation of the Jewish Community 1849-1867	39
5. The emancipation generation	55
6. The Golden Age of the Debrecen community 1890-1914	69
7. The establishment of the orthodox community 1886-1918	101
8. WWI and the period of crises that followed 1914-1922	107
9. Under the sign of “Hope for Peace” 1922-1929	122
10. The time of the Great Crisis and the shadow of rising Nazism 1929-1938	156
11. On the downward slope of persecution 1938-1944	187
12. The Haredi [ultra-orthodox] community, its flourishing and its destruction (1918-1944)	204
13. The Holocaust, the Ghetto and the deportation 1944	214
14. “A glowing ember on the ashes” 1944-1960	231
15. Communities in the neighborhood of Debrecen	247
I shall be their Sanctuary by Dr. Yosef Yitzhak Berg	247
Hajdunanas	248
Balmazujvaros	253
Hajdusamson	255
Teglas	257
Vamospercs	259
Derecske	260
Konyar	262
Mikepercs	263

List of victims	265

Hungarian

Introduction by Samuel Lowinger	7
Dedication by Jeno Csengeri	9
Sources for the history of Debrecen Jewry by E.M.Gonda	11

1. The city of Debrecen	15
2. Jewish merchants in a town of animosity	20
3. First years in Debrecen, 1840–1848	20
4. Founding of the Community, 1849–1867	40
5. The generation of emancipation	55
6. Golden age of the Community, 1890–1914	69
7. Founding the Orthodox Community, 1866–1918	102
8. The era of World War I and consecutive crises, 1914-1922	109
9. Hopes during the ‘20s, 1922–1929	128
10. In shadow of the great economic crisis and the threat of Nazism, 1929–1938	167
11. On the downslope of anti-Jewish legislation, 1938-1944	199
12. Development of Orthodoxy until the age of destruction, 1918–1944	226
13. Year of catastrophe. Ghetto and deportation	240
13. The persecutions, the Ghetto and the deportation	240
14. New life over the ruins	267
15. Neighboring smaller communities
“I shall become their small sanctuary” by Jozsef Berg	295
Hajdunanas	296
Balmazujvaros	303
Hajdusamson	306
Teglas	308
Vamospercs	310
Derecske	312
Konyar	314
Mikepercs	316
Bibliography (list of sources)	318
Roster of victims	321
Debrecen	323
Hajdúnánás	385
Balmazújváros, Egyek	395
Hajdúsámson	397
Téglás	399
Vámospérc	400
Derecske	403
Konyár, Pocsaj, Esztár, Monostorpályi	407
Mikepércs	409