Translation of
Pinkas ha-kehilot; entsiklopediya shel ha-yishuvim le-min hivasdam
ve-ad le-aher shoat milhemet ha-olam ha-sheniya: Hungaria
Edited by: Theodore Lavi
Published by Yad Vashem
Published in Jerusalem 1975
Our sincere appreciation to Yad Vashem
for permission to put this material on the JewishGen web site.
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
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Translated by Yocheved Klausner and Judy Petersen
Introduction | g-h | |
The History of the Hungarian Jews By Netanel Katzburg |
The MiddleAges | |
Chapter One: The Settlement of the Jews and their Life in the Kingdom of Hungary 8901526 |
1 | |
Before the settlement of the Magyars | 1 | |
After the arrival of the Magyars | 1 | |
Th judicial and the political status | 2 | |
The Bela IV Declaration of Privileges | 23 | |
The Jewish settlements and the economic life | 3 | |
Spiritual life | 3 | |
Chapter Two: The Era of the Turkish Rule | 3 | |
Under Turkish rule | 34 | |
Under Habsburg rule | 4 | |
The economic life | 4 | |
Transilvania | 45 | |
The Sect of Sabbath Keepers | 5 | |
The Sabbetay Zvi Movement in Hungary | 56 | |
Connections with Eretz Israel | 67 | |
The Beginnings of the New Judaism | ||
Chapter Three: The 18th Century | 7 | |
Development of the settlements | 78 | |
The Jews in Transilvania | 810 | |
Taxes | 10 | |
The Jews and the cities | 1012 | |
The economic life | 1214 | |
The period of Emperor Joseph II | 1415 | |
Communities and their organization (structure; joining the community; leaders; the important communities; Torah and Rabbinate) |
1519 | |
Chapter Four: The Struggle for Equality and Internal Changes | 19 | |
The National Assembly in 179091 and the Jews | 2021 | |
The public discussion about the Jews during the first half of the 19th Century | 2122 | |
PoliticalJudicial status, 18401848 | 22 | |
The Jews and the 18481849 revolution | 2224 | |
The period of the Absolute Rule (18491967) | 24 | |
Granting Equality 1867 | 24 | |
Internal changes in the Jewish community (enlightenment; the Magyarization movement; the ultraorthodox struggle against the new currents; the ultraorthodox and the aspiration for equality; conflicts within the communities; the Assembly of the Rabbis in Paks 1844) |
2428 | |
Rabbi Moshe Sofer; The Yeshiva in Pressburg; the connection with Eretz Israel; Rabbis in the 19th Century; enlightened [maskilim] rabbis; The radical reform; the spread of Chassidism; Chassidism within the ultraorthodox communities; The HibatZion movement and Zionism |
2836 | |
The Era of Equality 18671914 | ||
Chapter Five: The Jews in the Economic Life | 36 | |
The position of the Jews in commerce and agriculture | 38 | |
Chapter Six: AntiSemitism during the Dual Monarchy Era | 38 | |
Reactioms to the appearance of AntiSemitism | 39 | |
AntiSemitic action in the early 1920s | 3940 | |
The problem of Jewish immigration from other countries | 40 | |
The Tisza Eszlar blood libel (the Jewish defense; actions against the libel; apologetic press and literature; echoes in foreign countries; the trial and the verdict) |
4043 | |
The 18821883 pogroms | 4345 | |
The AntiSemitic Party | 4547 | |
Clerical AntiSemitism The People's Party | 4748 | |
The Jews and the People's Party | 48 | |
Hungarians among the ranks of international AntiSemitism | 4849 | |
AntiSemitism during the DualMonarchy Era and its later effects | 49 | |
Chapter Seven: The Struggle for the Recognition of the Jewish Religion | 49 | |
Various positions among the Jews | 50 | |
The standpoint of the Ultraorthodox | 5051 | |
The standpoint of the Catholics | 51 | |
The discussions in the Parliament; the Parliament passed the law | 5152 | |
Chapter Eight: The Jewish Community Divided | 52 | |
Organization of the various groups within the community | 5354 | |
The position of the ultraorthodox | 5455 | |
The preliminary committee | 55 | |
Preparing the Congress | 56 | |
The Congress | 5658 | |
The split | 5859 | |
The Congress achievement or failure? | 59 | |
The position of the ruling authorities | 5960 | |
After the split | 6061 | |
Chapter Nine: Jews Participating in the Spiritual Life | 61 | |
Jews in the liberal professions | 6162 | |
Hungarian Jewish literature; Jewish influence on the Hungarian literature) | 6264 | |
Reaction and Persecutions 1914 1939 | ||
Chapter Ten: The Years of War and Revolutions | 64 | |
The Jews in the War | 64 | |
The Peter Agoston controversy | 6466 | |
The democratic revolution, Communism and Jews | 6667 | |
Chapter Eleven: The White Terror | 67 | |
The awakening Magyars | 6869 | |
Jewish defense | 6971 | |
The echoes of the white terror in foreign countries | 7174 | |
Chapter Twelve: The Hungarian Jews in the 20s and 30s | 74 | |
Demographic changes | 74 | |
Organization of the communities | 7475 | |
Religious life | 75 | |
Economic structure | 75 | |
Political defense | 7576 | |
Numerus clausus (the struggle against the law; the struggle against the numerus clausus in the League of Nations; Hungarian Jews interfere in the League of Nations; the amendment of the law) |
7679 | |
The AntiSemitic Right Wing (foreign relations; the extreme Right members and ideology; the extreme right parties and groups; "the ArrowCross" party) |
||
The political situation of the Jewish communities | 82 | |
Explanations and Notes | 82 | |
Selected Bibliography | 92 | |
The Holocaust Period By Livia Rotkirchen |
||
The proNazi politics and the antiJewish legislation in 19381939 | 104 | |
Persecutions and military collaboration with Germany | 106 | |
The Work Service people on the Eastern Front | 108 | |
The period of Kalai as primeminister its effect on the Jewish problem | 109 | |
Occupation of Hungary by the German Army | 110 | |
The Jewish Council and the expulsion from the provincial towns | 112 | |
The efforts to save the Budapest Jews | 113 | |
The seize of power by (15 October 1944)Szalasi | 116 | |
List of Martyrs | 117 | |
Bibliography | 118 | |
Aba | 125 | |
Abádszalók | 125 | |
Abaújszántó | 126 | |
Abony | 127 | |
Ács | 164 | |
Adony | 131 | |
Ajak | 128 | |
Albertirsa | 153 | |
Albertfalva | 155 | |
Álmosd | 155 | |
Alsódabas (Dabas) | 155 | |
Alsónémedi | 156 | |
Alsóság | 156 | |
Alsózsolca | 156 | |
Anarcs | 157 | |
Apagy | 162 | |
Apc | 163 | |
Apostag | 162 | |
Aszód | 160 | |
Babócsa | 166 | |
Bácsalmás | 178 | |
Bagamér | 166 | |
Baja | 168 | |
Baktalórántháza | 182 | |
Balad | 170 | |
Balassagyarmat | 173 | |
Balatonboglár | 171 | |
Balatonfüred | 172 | |
Balatonkiliti | 173 | |
Balatonszemes | 172 | |
Balkány | 176 | |
Balmazújváros | 175 | |
Belsõbõcs | 177 | |
Bánhida | 177 | |
Barabas | 182 | |
Báránd | 184 | |
Barcs | 185 | |
Bátaszék | 166 | |
Battonya | 167 | |
Békésmegyer | 179 | |
Bekecs | 179 | |
Békés | 179 | |
Békéscsaba | 180 | |
Békésszentandrás | 180 | |
Beled | 170 | |
Bercel | 185 | |
Beregsurány | 182 | |
Berekböszörmény | 184 | |
Berettyóújfalu | 183 | |
Bicske | 227 | |
Biharkeresztes | 227 | |
Biharnagybajom | 226 | |
Bodrogkeresztúr | 221 | |
Boldva | 223 | |
Bonyhád | 224 | |
Bököny | 226 | |
Buda | 186 | |
Budafok | 220 | |
Budakalász | ||
Budapest | 191 | |
Bugyi | 186 | |
Buj | 223 | |
Bűdszentmihály | 220 | |
Cece | 459 | |
Cegléd | 454 | |
Celldömölk | 455 | |
Cigánd | 463 | |
Cinkota | 464 | |
Csabrendek | 454 | |
Csákvár | 460 | |
Csány | 456 | |
Csenger | 456 | |
Csepel (Csepelsziget) | 458 | |
Csepreg | 459 | |
Csongrád | 460 | |
Csorna | 462 | |
Csökmő | 461 | |
Csomor | 460 | |
Csurgó | 462 | |
Debrecen | 245 | |
Decs | 254 | |
Demecser | 253 | |
Derecske | 254 | |
Dévaványa | 251 | |
Devecser | 252 | |
Diósgyőr | 261 | |
Dombóvár | 255 | |
Dombrád | 256 | |
Dömsöd | 257 | |
Dunaföldvár | 260 | |
Dunaharaszti | 257 | |
Dunakeszi | 261 | |
Dunapataj | 259 | |
Dunapentele (Dunaújváros) | 259 | |
Dunaszekcső | 259 | |
Dunavecse | 258 | |
Edelény | 131 | |
Eger | 128 | |
Egyek | 128 | |
Emőd | 156 | |
Encs | 158 | |
Encsencs | 159 | |
Endrőd | 157 | |
Enying | 157 | |
Ercsi | 165 | |
Érd | 164 | |
Erdőbénye | 165 | |
Érsekvadkert | ||
Esztergom | 161 | |
Fábiánháza | 422 | |
Farad | 439 | |
Föld | ||
Fegyvernek | 422 | |
Fehérgyarmat | 423 | |
Felsőgalla | 425 | |
Felsőgöd (Göd) | 426 | |
Felsőireg (Iregszemcse) | ||
Felsőzsolca | 426 | |
Fényeslitke | 427 | |
Fertőszentmiklós | 439 | |
Forró | 449 | |
Földes | 446 | |
Fülesd | 445 | |
Fülöpszállás | 447 | |
Füzesabony | 442 | |
Füzesgyarmat | 443 | |
Gacsaj | 230 | |
Gáva | 229 | |
Gebe | 228 | |
Gégény | 228 | |
Gemzse | 230 | |
Gergelyiugornya | 231 | |
Gesztely | 230 | |
Gödöllő | 231 | |
Gönc | 238 | |
Göncruszka | 239 | |
Gorbopincehely | 244 | |
Gulács | 234 | |
Gyoma | 234 | |
Gyón | 236 | |
Gyömöre | 235 | |
Gyömrő | 235 | |
Gyöngyös | 236 | |
Gyönk | 239 | |
Győr | 240 | |
Győrasszonyfa | 243 | |
Győrszentmárton (Pannonhalma) | 244 | |
Gyula | 232 | |
Gyulaháza | 233 | |
Gyüre | 243 | |
Hahót | 262 | |
Hajdúbagos | 264 | |
Hajdúböszörmény | 264 | |
Hajdúdorog | 266 | |
Hajdúhadház | 267 | |
Hajdúnánás | 268 | |
Hajdúsámson | 270 | |
Hajdúszoboszló | 269 | |
Hajdúszovát | 269 | |
Halmaj | 272 | |
Harsány | 274 | |
Hatvan | 263 | |
Hejőcsaba | 271 | |
Hencida | 272 | |
Hernádnémeti | 273 | |
Hernádvécse | 273 | |
Heves | 262 | |
Hodász | 275 | |
Hódmezővásárhely | 275 | |
Hőgyész | 274 | |
Hosszúpályi | 278 | |
Ibrány | 150 | |
Ilk | 152 | |
Iregszemcse | 152 | |
Isaszeg | 152 | |
Izsák | 151 | |
Jánk (Jánkmajtis) | 327 | |
Jánoshalma | 326 | |
Jánosháza | 325 | |
Jármi | 334 | |
Jászalsószentgyörgy | 327 | |
Jászapáti | 328 | |
Jászárokszállás | 329 | |
Jászberény | 329 | |
Jászfényszaru | 332 | |
Jászkarajenő | 332 | |
Jászkisér | 333 | |
Jászladány | 331 | |
Kaba | 464 | |
Kadarkút | 464 | |
Kál | 465 | |
Kálló | 465 | |
Kállósemjén | 467 | |
Kalocsa | 466 | |
Kántorjánosi | 469 | |
Kápolnásnyék | 472 | |
Kaposvár | 472 | |
Kapuvár | 471 | |
Karád | 479 | |
Karcag | 479 | |
Kecel | 474 | |
Kecskemét | 475 | |
Kemecse | 468 | |
Keszthely | 469 | |
Kéthely | 465 | |
Kisbér | 495 | |
Kiskőrös | 506 | |
Kiskunfélegyháza | 505 | |
Kiskunhalas | 501 | |
Kiskunlacháza | 504 | |
Kiskunmajsa | 504 | |
Kisléta | 500 | |
Kismarja | ||
Kispest | 500 | |
Kistarcsa | 499 | |
Kistelek | 498 | |
Kisterenye | 499 | |
Kisújszállás | 495 | |
Kisvárda | 496 | |
Kisvarsány | 498 | |
Kocsord | 493 | |
Kóka | 493 | |
Komádi | 483 | |
Komárom | 484 | |
Konyár | 486 | |
Kopócsapáti (Aranyosapáti) | ||
Kótaj | 482 | |
Körmend | 494 | |
Kőbánya (Budapest X) | 481 | |
Körösladány | 493 | |
Kőszeg | 490 | |
Kővágóörs | 481 | |
Kunágota | 486 | |
Kunhegyes | 487 | |
Kunmadaras | 487 | |
Kunszentmárton | 488 | |
Kunszentmiklós | 489 | |
Láca (Lácacséke) | 336 | |
Lajosmizse | 335 | |
Laskod | 336 | |
Legyesbénye | 334 | |
Letenye | 335 | |
Levelek | 335 | |
Lovasberény | 336 | |
Lőrinci | 338 | |
Mad | 340 | |
Maglód | 340 | |
Mágocs | 339 | |
Magyarbánhegyes | 339 | |
Magyaróvár | ||
Makó | 350 | |
Mándok | 349 | |
Marcali | 352 | |
Máriapócs | 352 | |
Martonvásár | 352 | |
Mátészalka | 348 | |
Medgyesegyháza | 342 | |
Megyaszó | 338 | |
Mélykút | 349 | |
Mérk | 353 | |
Mezőberény | 342 | |
Mezőcsát | 345 | |
Mezőkeresztes | 346 | |
Mezőkovácsháza | 346 | |
Mezőkövesd | 347 | |
Mezőladány | 344 | |
Mezőszilas | 344 | |
Mezőtúr | 343 | |
Mindszent | 359 | |
Miskolc | 359 | |
Mohács | 353 | |
Monok | 355 | |
Monor | 355 | |
Mór | 357 | |
Mosonmagyaróvár | 358 | |
Nádudvar | 376 | |
Nagyatád | 365 | |
Nagybajom | 367 | |
Nagybaracska | 367 | |
Nagdobos | 367 | |
Nagydorog | 368 | |
Nagyecsed | 366 | |
Nagyhalász | 368 | |
Nagykálló | 371 | |
Nagykanizsa | 372 | |
Nagykáta | 371 | |
Nagykőrös | 374 | |
Nagyléta (Létavértes) | 370 | |
Nagyoroszi | 365 | |
Nagyrábé | 375 | |
Nagysimonyi | 376 | |
Nagytétény | 369 | |
Nagyvázsony | 369 | |
Napkor | 378 | |
Nemesdéd | 377 | |
Nemesszalók | 377 | |
Nyékládháza | 378 | |
Nyírábrány | 379 | |
Nyíracsád | 382 | |
Nyiradony | 381 | |
Nyírbátor | 383 | |
Nyírbéltek | 384 | |
Nyírbogát | 385 | |
Nyírbogdány | 386 | |
Nyircsaholy | 391 | |
Nyirderzs | 387 | |
Nyíregyháza | 379 | |
Nyirgelse | 386 | |
Nyirgyulaj | 386 | |
Nyírjákó | 388 | |
Nyírkarász | 392 | |
Nyirlugos | 388 | |
Nyirmada | 389 | |
Nyírmártonfalva | 390 | |
Nyirmeggyes | 349 | |
Nyírmihálydi | 391 | |
Nyirtass | 387 | |
Óbuda | 132 | |
Ócsa | 145 | |
Ófehértó | 144 | |
Okány | 146 | |
Olaszliszka | 142 | |
Onga | 143 | |
Ónod | 143 | |
Ópályi | 145 | |
Oros | 147 | |
Orosháza | 148 | |
Oroszvár | 147 | |
Ózd | 136 | |
Ozora | 137 | |
Öcsöd | 146 | |
Őr | 146 | |
Örkény | 149 | |
Pácin | 437 | |
Pacsa | 435 | |
Paks | 437 | |
Pápa | 428 | |
Pásztó | 427 | |
Pátroha | 425 | |
Pécel | 436 | |
Pécs | 432 | |
Pécsvárad | 437 | |
Penészlek | 427 | |
Pestszenterzsébet | 440 | |
Pestszentimre | ||
Pestszentlőrinc | 441 | |
Pestújhely | 439 | |
Pétervására | 424 | |
Petneháza | 425 | |
Pilis | 452 | |
Pilisvörösvár | 452 | |
Piricse | 453 | |
Pocsaj | 449 | |
Pócspetri | ||
Polgár | 445 | |
Polgárdi | 446 | |
Pomáz | 448 | |
Porcsalma | 450 | |
Poroszló | 450 | |
Pusztadobos | 448 | |
Putnok | 443 | |
Püspökladány | 451 | |
Rácalmás | 507 | |
Ráckeve | 508 | |
Rajka | 507 | |
Rakamaz | 508 | |
Rákoscsaba | 511 | |
Rákoskeresztúr | 512 | |
Rákosliget | 509 | |
Rákospalota | 510 | |
Rákosszentmihály | 509 | |
Ricse | 512 | |
Sajókaza | ||
Sajókazinc (Kazincbarcika) | 518 | |
Sajószentpéter | 516 | |
Salgótarján | 518 | |
Sály | 515 | |
Sárbogárd | 521 | |
Sarkad | 523 | |
Sárospatak | 523 | |
Sárrétudvari | 520 | |
Sárvár | 522 | |
Sásd | 524 | |
Sashalom | 525 | |
Sátoraljaújhely | 513 | |
Sellye | 516 | |
Seregélyes | 520 | |
Siklós | 534 | |
Simontornya | 533 | |
Siófok | 532 | |
Solt | 525 | |
Soltvadkert | 526 | |
Somogyszil | 527 | |
Sopron | 528 | |
Soroksár | 532 | |
Sümeg | 527 | |
Söjtör | 525 | |
Szabadszállás | 392 | |
Szabolcsbáka | 393 | |
Szakoly | 411 | |
Szamossályi | 402 | |
Szamosszeg | 402 | |
Szany | 402 | |
Szarvas | 414 | |
Szatmárcseke | 401 | |
Szatmárököritó (Ököritófülpös) | 400 | |
Szécsény | 406 | |
Szedres | 400 | |
Szeged | 393 | |
Szeghalom | 399 | |
Szegilong | ||
Szegvár | 400 | |
Székesfehérvár | 408 | |
Szekszárd | 411 | |
Szendrő | 403 | |
Szentendre | 404 | |
Szentes | 405 | |
Szentgál | 405 | |
Szentgotthárd | 406 | |
Szentlőrinc | 406 | |
Szerencs | 413 | |
Szigetvár | 419 | |
Szikszó | 420 | |
Szil | 420 | |
Szilasbalhás (Mezőszilas) | ||
Szob | 415 | |
Szolnok | 415 | |
Szombathely | 417 | |
Tab | 295 | |
Taktaharkány | 304 | |
Tállya | 299 | |
Tamási | 301 | |
Tápióbicske | 302 | |
Tápiógyörgye | 303 | |
Tápiósüly (Sülysáp) | 304 | |
Tápiószele | 303 | |
Tapolca | 301 | |
Tarcal | 305 | |
Tarpa | 305 | |
Tatabánya | ||
Tatatóváros (Tata) | 297 | |
Téglás | 296 | |
Tét | 297 | |
Tetétlen | 299 | |
Tibolddaróc | 316 | |
Tinnye | 316 | |
Tiszabercel | 317 | |
Tiszabezdéd | 317 | |
Tiszabő | 318 | |
Tiszabűd (Tiszavasvári) | 318 | |
Tiszacsege | 324 | |
Tiszadada | 319 | |
Tiszadob | 319 | |
Tiszadorogma | 320 | |
Tiszaeszlár | 316 | |
Tiszaföldvár | 323 | |
Tiszafüred | 323 | |
Tiszalök | 321 | |
Tiszalúc | 320 | |
Tiszaroff | 325 | |
Tiszaszalka | 321 | |
Tiszaszentimre | 322 | |
Tiszaszentmárton | 323 | |
Tokaj | 310 | |
Tolscva | 308 | |
Tolna | 307 | |
Tornyospálca | 314 | |
Tótkomlós | 306 | |
Tököl | 312 | |
Törökbálint | 313 | |
Törökszentmiklós | 313 | |
Tunyog (Tunyogmatolcs) | 309 | |
Tura | 312 | |
Túrkeve | 315 | |
Tuzsér | 306 | |
Tyukod | 311 | |
Újfehértó | 138 | |
Újkécske (Tiszakécske) | 141 | |
Újpest | 139 | |
Vác | 284 | |
Vaja | 278 | |
Vajdácska | 279 | |
Vámosmikola | 279 | |
Vámospércs | 280 | |
Várpalota | 287 | |
Vásárosnamény | 288 | |
Vasvár | 288 | |
Vecsés | 285 | |
Vencsellő (Gávavencsellő) | 281 | |
Veresegyház | ||
Verpelét | 286 | |
Vértes | 285 | |
Veszprém | 282 | |
Vésztő | 281 | |
Villány | 290 | |
Vitka (Vásárosnamény) | 289 | |
Vizsoly | 289 | |
Záhony | 290 | |
Zákány | 295 | |
Zalaegerszeg | 290 | |
Zalalövő | 292 | |
Zalaszentgrót | 293 | |
Zemplénagárd | 294 | |
Zirc | 295 | |
Zsáka | 295 | |
Zsámbék | 294 | |
Index of people | 535 |
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