|
[Page 180]
|
|
The Płaszów labor and later concentration camp were located in the Podgorze district near the city of Krakow |
Płaszów was in the Podgorze district of Krakow, Poland, 10 kilometers from the center of the city. The place was made famous by Steven Spielberg in the movie Schindler's List. The Płaszów camp started in the summer of 1940 when the German occupation authorities set up in the area a forcedlabor camp for the Polish prisoners of war. In March 1941, the Jews in the Krakow area were put into a walled ghetto in Podgorze. It is estimated that between 60,000 and 80,000 people were squeezed into the small area. Krakow had an old and influential Jewish community that was well established in the historical Polish city. Jews were constantly sent from Krakow or Podgorze to the Płaszów camp where the attrition rate was extremely high.
|
|
The Płaszów labor camp where Jewish workers were forced to work in the quarry (Yad Vashem archives) |
In February 1943, Amon Goeth was appointed commandant of the Płaszów concentration camp. Shortly thereafter, on March 1314, 1943, he supervised the bestial liquidation of the ghetto of Podgorze. All the Jews of the ghetto of Podgorze were selected. Those fit to work were sent to Płaszów and the rest were sent to the death camp of Auschwitz or were shot on the spot. Prior to the arrival of the mass of Jews of Podgorze, Płaszów had about 2,000 inmates, all Jews. The population rose to 8,000 inmates with the destruction of the ghetto of Podgorze. In July 1943, a separate section was fenced off for Polish prisoners who were sent to the camp for breaking the laws of the German occupation government. Polish prisoners served their sentences and were then released from the prison. The Jews remained in the camp indefinitely. Many Jews were sent on to the Auschwitz concentration camp, only 60 kilometers southwest of Krakow.
Płaszów could easily compare with Auschwitz and Majdanek in their deadly beatings, punishments and killings. At its peak capacity the Płaszów camp contained 25,000 inmates at one time: men, women, and children. About 150,000 people were imprisoned in Płaszów, among them Jews, Hungarians, Poles and Gypsies, Czechs, Frenchmen and Belgians. They were subjected to inhumane treatment, hellish living conditions, diseases, starvation, grueling slave labor, frequent beatings, and torture, and many fell victim to brutal killings. More than 80,000 of the Płaszów inmates died before the end of World War II, most in the gas chambers of AuschwitzBirkenau. With the approach of the Soviet armies, the inmates were transported to other camps. The concentration camp itself was being dismantled brick by brick. Even the mass graves were exhumed and burnt to ashes. The last transport left Płaszów on January 14, 1945. Several days later, the Soviet Army entered to an empty place called the Concentration Camp of Płaszów.
In March of 1944 I was taken from Pustków with a few other Jewish skilled workers and sent to the Płaszów concentration camp near Krakow. We were not permitted to take anything with us except for a towel. We arrived at Płaszów and were directed to the bathhouse by the Jewish police in the camp. We emerged from the shower and were told to wait at a nearby grass mall. Meanwhile a transport of Jews arrived from the Bochnia labor camp that was being liquidated. The group in effect closed the camp. They all had backpacks and suitcases stuffed with a variety of foods. They too had to go to the bathhouse and, of course, had to leave their luggage outside. While they were bathing, the Jewish police ordered us to take all the belongings and move them to a small side hut that served the Jewish police as a warehouse and a detention hall until the arrivals were assigned to their barracks. The Jewish police ordered us to clear the area and place everything in the warehouse and ordered us to enter the isolation area and to stay put. While lugging the luggage we soon smelled the odors of foods like salami emerging from the luggage. We soon located the foods and removed them from the luggage. We ate the food like salamis, breads and other goods that were removed. The Jewish police spotted our feast. The police ordered us out of the isolation room and made us run several times around the area. Several days later, we were assigned to barracks. The barrack consisted of threetier bunk beds. The food was skimpy and I was hungry. Of course, there were roll calls and formations. Then I was ordered to report to the tool shed. I was given a wheelbarrow and my job consisted of transporting sand. I dug the sand in the area of the Jewish cemetery. Frequently, I found bones or skeletons while digging for sand that was then transported to the villa of Amon Goeth, camp commandant of Płaszów. The sand was spread all around his place. Luck had it that he was still asleep when we spread the sand. I then walked to the kitchen where I met a Nowy Sacz acquaintance named Lew who was a tailor that used to live next to our family in Sandz. He worked at the Madritsch factory that produced uniforms for the German army and the workers there received plenty of food. He gave me a loaf of bread, a heavenly gift in Płaszów at the time.
At the end of 1940, Julius Madritsch, a native of Austria, was able to open a sewing factory in Kraków that employed about 800 Jews and Poles with 300 sewing machines that made clothing for the German army. Madritsch gained a reputation as a good man who treated his Jewish workers well; he was wonderful to his Jews. Madritsch saved the lives of thousands of Jews and also sought to make their lives more bearable. He employed many workers with no professional experience or training. Together with his factory manager, Raimund Titsch, he provided humane and comfortable working conditions. Every worker was well fed and received at the end of the day a loaf of bread. Jews were allowed to make contact with Poles outside the factory. The factory kitchens fed more than a thousand Jewish workers with food. A good part of the food was bought on the black market since the food rations for forced workers were abysmally low. Of course, the workers did not get paid since the S.S. received all salaries. So there was an extensive machinery whereby Madritsch managed to deflect large sums of money and buy food and bread
|
|
Julius Madritsch, owner of the Madritsch factories |
for his workers. Thus Lew was able to give Lustig bread.
I ate the bread slowly and when it was finished, I was hungry again. I even raided the dump where the meat bones from the kitchen were tossed and grabbed a bone to suck on it. One day while collecting paper and loading it on a truck, I met an old friend named Samek Teitelbaum from Sandz who later became Samuel Bar Ilan in Israel. One morning, he awakened me and told me to follow him. I joined a small group of workers who boarded a German military truck that headed within the camp to a warehouse that contained all the goods that were left by the Jews when the ghetto of Płaszów was liquidated. Mostly women sorted the goods at the warehouse. We were told to take a few sacks of clothing for the Schindler camp.
|
|
Oskar Schindler |
I had no bag so I took a backpack and filled it with undergarments, shirts, pants and whatever I could lay my hands on. I took as much as I could and we headed to the truck that took us to the Schindler camp.
|
|
Entrance to the Schindler factory in Krakow |
The Schindler Jews at first lived in the Płaszów camp and walked 2.5 kilometers to and from Schindler's enamelware factory each day. The factory was in an ordinarylooking, modern, but dreary building in Krakow. Then Schindler bribed Płaszów Commandant Amon Goeth to let his workers move into barracks which he built in the courtyard of the factory. Schindler himself lived in a nondescript gray apartment building close to his factory. There were many small subcamps, such as the Schindler factory, in the Nazi labor camp system, but none where the prisoners were so well treated. The Nazis provided food for the Schindler Jews, but Schindler supplemented the food rations through black market purchases of food.
Schindler was a Czech of the Sudetenland. He worked for the German secret service and was a member of the Nazi Party in Germany. He was a good
man and helped save Jews like myself by providing us with jobs. The job gave me food and a certain amount of security. When I arrived at the Schindler camp I was assigned to a barrack. In the morning at the roll call I was assigned a job. The barracks consisted of long rows of double tiers where we slept. The food was good. Around the camp there were guard towers where the Ukrainian S.S. men observed the camp. The camp looked like any German concentration camp. The camp was actually called the Zablocie Camp in Krakow. In the camp there were Jewish policemen and policewomen, several group leaders and several kapos. Every day there were two roll calls: morning and evening. Schindler or rather his right hand man Itzhak Stern operated two factories in the camp; one produced all sorts of enamel pots and pans and the other plant produced all kinds of metal products, including hand grenades for the German army. The latter section had huge metal machines. German engineers worked together with Polish and Jewish workers. The Polish workers were regular salaried workers while the Jewish workers were forced workers. I was assigned to the metal factory but my real job was to transport the various finished ammunition parts from place to place in a wheelbarrow. When the press stamped the hollow hand grenade, it was filled with explosive material. I wheeled the filled hand grenades to a special furnace that sealed the grenades. When the grenades cooled down, I wheeled them to the enamel section where several female workers dunked the grenades into special tubs filled with chemicals. The girls sang Polish songs and the atmosphere was very pleasant. Among the girls was Lola Oppenheimer from Wieliczka near Sandz. The section chief was Lazar and the section was called Bounder. One day I was called to the office and tattooed with the letters KZ or concentration camp in German.
Next to the factory was the Zarna house that contained the bakery that provided the Schindler camp with bread. I had plenty of bread and also received very good soups that sometimes contained pieces of salami. I ate well at the Schindler camp. On occasion, I traded with Poles some of the clothing items that I took at the sorting place. The Poles brought chocolate, bacon, salami and other good foods for my clothing. Thus, I was able to enrich my food intake and accumulate more strength for the days to come. We also received money, medicines and food packages from an organization called J.S.S. that was financed by Swiss and American Jews.
|
|
A sketch of the Schindler camp in Krakow as drawn by Mordechai Lustig in March of 1944. Below are the descriptions of the numbers |
No. | Detail |
1 | The entrance to the camp |
2 | Schindler's residence |
3 | Camp guards |
4 | Hand grenade factory |
5 | Laboratory |
6 | Enamel factory |
7 | New factory being built |
8 | Coating factory |
10 | Watch towers |
11 | Official residences |
12 | Women's barrack |
13 | Men's barrack |
14 | S.S. barrack, mostly Ukrainians |
15 | Camp offices |
16 | Warehouses |
17 | Roll Call place |
18 | Garbage and coal hips |
19 | Street adjuring entrance to the camp |
20 | Narrow gage railroad |
The J.S.S. or the Jewish Self Help organization was created by the Polish Joint organization when Germany declared war against the United States. The Joint or JDC offices were closed in Poland December 21, 1941.The Joint foresaw these events and created the J.S.S. organization to step in when needed. With the closure of the Joint, the J.S.S. organization began to help the various Jewish social organizations. Most of the J.S.S. officials were former Joint officials, such as Dr.Michal Weichert. He worked under the watchful eyes of the S.S. and Gestapo. The J.S.S. helped many Jewish communities with money and food. Soon, the Germans forced Weichert to concentrate in the General Government areas of Poland or Galicia. He remained in Krakow and helped the remaining Jewish communities ,,and some concentration camps, notably Płaszów, with needed medical and nutritional foods that Lustig enjoyed.
Schindler treated us Jews like human beings. Prior to the war, he was a tractor salesman and, as such, the Germans sent him to Poland following the Sudetenland annexation to Germany. His official job was to sell tractors in Poland but his real job was to provide Germany with the military capabilities of the Polish army. He gave very good information and Poland was soon defeated. Schindler returned to Krakow and began to look for factories. The Germans gave him the enamel factory that produced pots and pans. Itzhak Stern helped Schindler to run the business. The factory was originally Jewish. Schindler was very shrewd. When he received the factory, he also began to produce hand grenades for the German army. The production of grenades gave him a perfect entrance to the German weapon industry. He also sold pots to the German army. A sizable part of his civilian production was sold on the black market that enabled him to buy the needed foodstuff for his workers. Schindler loved money, diamonds, alcohol, pretty women and cards. In Plaszow everybody knew that when one got a job at Schindler that meant a ticket to live.
At the Schindler factory I met former Sandzer Jews such as Nechemia Sheingot, Romek Gut Hollander, Motchie Bluzenstein, Baruch Hersh Unger, Benyamin Hausenshtock. On several occasions Schindler himself came to the kitchen to inspect the food and spoke with some of the workers. Schindler was a close friend of the sadist Amon Goeth who killed forced laborers at the slightest pretext. Schindler and Goeth drank and played cards together and were very cordial to each other. Thanks to this relationship Schindler managed to save Jewish lives.
The list was compiled in March 1944, according to Mordechai Lustig, who is on the list under the name of Markus Lustig but was later removed and sent to Mauthausen with another group of Schindler workers. The list was taken from Krakow to Budapest and then to Turkey. It finally reached Palestine and was printed in the Hebrew newspaper Davar on September 9, 1944. The item was printed without a byline but apparently was reliable enough to be printed in an important daily. The list was divided into three sections that represented Schindler's enterprise:
A main labor camp B women's camp C radiator plant |
Last Name | First Name | Birth Year | Gender | Section |
ADLER | Yossef | 1906 | M | A |
AFTERGUT | Berta | 1916 | F | B |
AMFANG | Peretz | 1923 | M | C |
AMSTER | Isaac | 1896 | M | A |
AMSTER | Ziegfried | 1921 | M | A |
AMSTERDAM | Hirsh | 1921 | M | A |
AMT | Rachel | 1920 | F | B |
ANDER | Markus | 1923 | M | A |
ANDER | Lazar | 1896 | M | A |
APPFEL | Friedrich | 1917 | M | A |
APPFEL | Gisella | 1921 | F | B |
ARBETSMAN | Bruno | 1928 | M | A |
ARMER | Yaakow | 1903 | M | A |
ASPITETZ | Joseph | 1908 | M | C |
AUERBACH | Henryk | 1911 | M | A |
AUERBACH | Salomon | 1925 | M | A |
AUERBACH | Sara | 1919 | F | B |
AWRACHMER | Yossef | 1922 | M | A |
AWRACHMER | Jacob | 1918 | M | C |
AWRAMTCHIK | Yehoshua | 1917 | M | A |
BADER | Ceasar | 1897 | M | C |
BADER | Chaim | 1921 | M | C |
BAGLEITER | Stefan | 1925 | M | A |
BALSAM | Salmon | 1903 | M | A |
BAMKIR | Meir | 1917 | M | A |
BAMKIR | Awraham | 1895 | M | A |
BAMKIR | Awraham | 1910 | M | A |
BANACH | Lola | 1908 | F | B |
BAUMAN | Jacob | 1897 | M | C |
BAYAR | Yossef | 1920 | M | A |
BEIN | Zisa | 1928 | M | A |
BEIN | Solomon | 1927 | M | A |
BEK | Kuba | 1922 | M | A |
BENECH | Salomon | 1922 | M | A |
BENECH | Shmuel | 1927 | M | A |
BENET | Edward | 1919 | M | C |
BERG | Awraham | 1904 | M | A |
BERGER | Isidor | 1909 | M | A |
BERGER | Moshe | 1919 | M | A |
BERGER | Alter | 1924 | M | C |
BERGILSON | Mendel | 1922 | M | C |
BERGMAN | ? | 1911 | M | A |
BERHANG | Elka | 1915 | F | B |
BERINAUM | Chaim | 1914 | M | C |
BERINAUM | Isaac | 1921 | M | C |
BERNSTEIN | Dawid | 1922 | M | A |
BERNSTEIN | Chana Malk | 1919 | F | B |
BERNSTEIN | Golda | 1921 | F | B |
BET | Hersh | 1912 | M | A |
BEWOT | Eliezar | 1895 | M | C |
BEYER | Yossef | 1909 | M | A |
BIATEWAROWA | ? | 1929 | M | A |
BIGEIER | Rachel | 1918 | F | B |
BINTCH | Awraham | 1898 | M | A |
BIRENBAUM | ? | 1904 | F | B |
BIRMAN | Itzhak | 1906 | M | A |
BITERMAN | Meir | 1912 | M | A |
BLASSBERG | Maximilia | 1875 | M | A |
BLAT | Asher | 1923 | M | A |
BLAT | Michael | 1907 | M | A |
BLINDERMAN | Rudolph | 1912 | M | C |
BLITZKI | Awraham | 1903 | M | A |
BLUFIDER | Yaacow | 1909 | M | A |
BLUMBERG | Melech | 1895 | M | A |
BLUMBERG | Shimon | 1927 | M | A |
BLUMENSTOCK | Meir | 1923 | M | A |
BLUMENSTOCK | Shimon | 1910 | M | A |
BLUSENSTEIN | Henryk | 1925 | M | A |
BOGIR | Ester Reisel | 1902 | F | B |
BORENSTEIN | Ozer | 1907 | M | A |
BORENSTEIN | Basha | 1926 | F | B |
BRAHANG | Slo | 1916 | M | A |
BRAND | Meir | 1924 | M | A |
BRAND | Awraham | 1900 | M | A |
BRAND | Maximilian | 1921 | M | A |
BRANDMAYER | ? | 1924 | M | C |
BRANDSTATER | Asher | 1925 | M | C |
BRATKIWICZ | Hersh | 1910 | M | A |
BRATKIWICZ | Natan | 1911 | M | A |
BRECHNER | Rudolph | 1901 | M | A |
BRECHNER | Gali | 1908 | F | B |
BRENER | Adolph | 1892 | M | A |
BRENER | Moshe | 1923 | M | A |
BRENER | Raphael | 1914 | M | A |
BRENER | Eta | 1910 | F | B |
BRENGER | Baruch | 1906 | M | A |
BRENGER | Yossef | 1922 | M | A |
BRUDER | Henryk | 1909 | M | A |
BRUDER | Mrkus | 1921 | M | A |
BRUDERMAN | Chaim | 1911 | M | A |
BRULARD | Adolph | 1896 | M | A |
BRUNHEIM | Yechazkel | 1921 | M | A |
BRUNNENBER | Helina | 1926 | F | B |
BUKIT | Alter Simon | 1918 | M | C |
BUKSBAUM | Yakow | 1921 | M | A |
BUKSBAUM | Elma | 1917 | F | B |
BURSTEIN | Fishel | 1910 | M | A |
BZESKA | Cila | 1924 | F | B |
CHMILEWSKI | Modik | 1908 | M | A |
CHMILEWSKI | Feivel | 1914 | M | A |
CHMILEWSKI | Yakow | 1904 | M | A |
CINDER | Maritz | 1907 | M | A |
COHEN | Beryl | 1914 | M | A |
COHEN | Yochin | 1897 | M | C |
CZERWOMIGDA | Chaim | 1916 | M | A |
CZERWONIGOD | Dawid | 1918 | M | A |
DANTZIG | Hersh | 1909 | M | A |
DANTZIG | Berta | 1915 | F | B |
DANTZIG | Chaya | 1885 | F | B |
DANTZIG | Sara | 1907 | F | B |
DANTZIGER | Jerzik | 1907 | M | A |
DAWID | Salomon | 1895 | M | A |
DEMBINSKI | Markus | 1925 | M | C |
DEMBITZER | Theodoer | 1897 | M | A |
DEMBITZER | Sara | 1896 | F | B |
DIAMANT | Shaya | 1902 | M | A |
DIAMANT | Oscar | 1905 | M | A |
DIAMANT | Hendel | 1893 | M | A |
DJUBAS | Dawid | 1910 | M | A |
DOMINIK | Shimon | 1925 | M | A |
DORENSTEIN | Leo | 1919 | M | C |
DORTHEIMER | Awigdor | 1918 | M | A |
DREIER | Seril | 1925 | F | C |
DREKSLER | Elizsz | 1905 | M | A |
DRENGER | Dawid | 1910 | M | A |
DRESSLER | Shimon | 1927 | M | A |
DRESSNER | Major | 1918 | M | C |
DRUBIASZ | Shhlomo | 1922 | M | A |
DUGAN | Leopold | 1921 | M | A |
DULAUER | Anna | 1922 | F | B |
EINSHITZ | Fishel | 1920 | M | A |
EISENBERG | Awraham | 1905 | M | A |
EISENBERG | Itzik | 1909 | M | C |
EISENFELD | Chaim | 1908 | M | A |
EISENFELD | Lemel | 1913 | M | A |
EISENFELD | Moshe | 1910 | M | A |
EISENFELD | Reuven | 1918 | M | A |
EISENMAN | Itzhak | 1895 | M | A |
ENGLANDER | Awraham | 1927 | M | A |
ENGLANDER | Henoch | 1915 | M | C |
ENOCH | Mairitz | 1891 | M | A |
EPSTEIN | Israel | 1896 | M | A |
EPSTEIN | Awraham | 1921 | M | C |
EPSTEIN | Shabsi | 1905 | M | C |
EPSTEIN | Israel | 1896 | M | C |
ERLICH | Manashe | 1919 | M | A |
ESSIG | Michael | 1913 | M | A |
ESSIG | Moshe | 1917 | M | A |
FACHNER | Suzman | 1897 | M | C |
FACHNER | Wolf | 1928 | M | C |
FARBER | Arieh | 1876 | M | A |
FARBER | Julian | 1893 | M | A |
FARBER | Yossef | 1925 | M | A |
FARBER | Hirsh | 1910 | M | A |
FARBER | Oskar | 1905 | M | A |
FARBER | Irena | 1922 | F | B |
FARBER | Mieczyslaw | 1925 | M | C |
FARTIG | Gustawa | 1921 | F | B |
FAUST | Joseph | 1896 | M | C |
FEIGENBAUM | Simha | 1911 | M | A |
FEIGENBAUM | Melech | 1923 | M | C |
FEIGENBLAT | Kalman | 1905 | M | C |
FELDMAN | Lola | 1922 | F | B |
FELDMAN | Roza | 1922 | F | B |
FELDSTEIN | Wolf | 1923 | M | A |
FELDSTEIN | Joseph | 1894 | M | C |
FELLER | Rina | 1920 | F | B |
FELLER | Sara | 1918 | F | B |
FELLER | Lisa | 1912 | F | C |
FENNER | Chaim | 1924 | M | A |
FEUEREISEN | Ludwig | 1922 | M | A |
FEUERKRIZEN | Leonara | 1924 | F | B |
FIDA | Eisisk | 1921 | M | A |
FIDA | Salomon | 1925 | M | A |
FILER | Salmon | 1914 | M | C |
FILER | Melech | 1925 | M | C |
FILER | Samuel | 1921 | M | C |
FILLER | Hezkel | 1926 | M | A |
FINGERLET | Itzik | 1903 | M | C |
FINKELHAUSE | Monik | 1923 | M | A |
FINKELHOLTZ | Eliyahu | 1923 | M | A |
FIOLDICZ | Alter | 1900 | M | C |
FIOLDICZ | Aaron | 1926 | M | C |
FISHEL | Issachar | 1914 | M | A |
FISHEL | Mendel | 1923 | M | A |
FISHGROUND | Leopold | 1901 | M | A |
FISHGRUND | Eliyahu | 1907 | M | A |
FLEISHER | Natan | 1915 | M | A |
FLICK | Markus | 1900 | M | A |
FLINDER | Fela | 1909 | F | B |
FLORENTZ | Ben Tzion | 1914 | M | A |
FLRK | Norbert | 1906 | M | C |
FORRER | Chaim Jjaco | 1921 | M | C |
FORRESTER | Dawid | 1914 | M | C |
FRANKEL | Moses | 1911 | M | C |
FRANKEL | Eliasz | 1905 | M | C |
FRANS | Israel | 1915 | M | C |
FRANTZOIZ | Fishel | 1923 | M | C |
FRAUDLICH | Hizik | 1923 | M | C |
FRAUMAN | Joseph | 1912 | M | C |
FREI | Moshe | 1925 | M | A |
FREI | Wolf | 1889 | M | A |
FREI | Cecilia | 1921 | F | B |
FREUND | Yakow | 1921 | M | A |
FREUNDER | Mordechai | 1916 | M | A |
FRIDNER | Yoachim | 1924 | M | C |
FRIED | Adolph | 1899 | M | A |
FRIEDMAN | Bernard | 1925 | M | A |
FRIEDMAN | Ignac | 1917 | M | A |
FRIEDMAN | Leon Shmu | 1909 | M | A |
FRIEDMAN | Shmuel | 1899 | M | A |
FRIEDMAN | Libel | 1897 | M | A |
FRIEDRICH | Awraham | 1918 | M | A |
FRIEDRICH | Henoch | 1893 | M | A |
FRIMAN | Leib | 1906 | M | A |
FUCHS | Awraham | 1926 | M | A |
FUCHS | Dawid | 1924 | M | A |
FUHRER | Yakow | 1922 | M | A |
GARDA | Adam | 1913 | M | A |
GARDA | Mieczislaw | 1921 | M | A |
GARDA | Itzhak | 1897 | M | A |
GARDA | Mira | 1898 | F | B |
GARFINKEL | Yakow | 1909 | M | A |
GARTEL | Alexander | 1920 | M | A |
GARTNER | Jonasz | 1927 | M | C |
GASSNER | Yossef | 1925 | M | A |
GELLER | Moti | 1908 | M | A |
GELLER | Anna | 1910 | F | B |
GEMINER | Ephraim | 1898 | M | C |
GERBER | Leizer Chai | 1904 | M | A |
GERDA | 1918 | F | B | |
GERSHENEWIT | Yossef | 1902 | M | A |
GERSTENER | Leib | 1912 | M | A |
GERSTENFELD | Reuven | 1912 | M | A |
GESUNDHEIT | Leib | 1919 | M | C |
GETZLER | Philip | 1922 | M | A |
GETZLER | Ida | 1913 | F | B |
GITMAN | Awraham | 1896 | M | C |
GITMAN | Moses | 1922 | M | C |
GITMAN | Natan | 1925 | M | C |
GJIB | Salomon | 1924 | M | A |
GLASS | Joseph | 1890 | M | C |
GLAZER | Izhak | 1918 | M | A |
GLITMAN | Osher | 1905 | M | C |
GLITZENSTEIN | Avraham | 1915 | M | A |
GOLDBERG | Herman | 1895 | M | A |
GOLDBERG | Moshe | 1924 | M | A |
GOLDBERG | Shmuel | 1906 | M | A |
GOLDBERG | Joshua | 1903 | M | C |
GOLDBERG | Kalman | 1923 | M | A |
GOLDBLUM | Yehiel | 1910 | M | A |
GOLDFINGER | Lazar | 1921 | M | A |
GOLDFINGER | Bernard | 1922 | M | A |
GOLDKORN | Chaim | 1912 | M | A |
GOLDKORN | Mendel | 1914 | M | A |
GOLDKORN | Moshe | 1909 | M | A |
GOLDLUST | Maximalian | 1923 | M | A |
GOLDSTEIN | Mauricy | 1902 | M | A |
GOLDSTEIN | Bernard | 1918 | M | A |
GOLDSTEIN | Ludwig | 1926 | M | A |
GOLDSTEIN | Sami | 1920 | M | A |
GOLDSTEIN | Shmuel | 1898 | M | A |
GOLDWASSER | Michael | 1911 | M | A |
GOTEL | Daniel | 1916 | M | A |
GOTHERTZ | Henryk | 1926 | M | A |
GOTHERTZ | Yossef | 1921 | M | A |
GOTTLIEB | Maks | 1924 | M | A |
GOTTLIEB | Naphtali | 1927 | M | C |
GOWISH | Itzhak | 1910 | M | A |
GRAUER | Wilhelm | 1914 | M | A |
GRAUER | Yossef | 1902 | M | A |
GREENBERG | Adolph | 1912 | M | A |
GREINHAUT | Bernard | 1927 | M | A |
GRENER | Idla | 1893 | F | B |
GRENER | Pola | 1921 | F | B |
GRINBAUM | Ben Tzion | 1914 | M | A |
GRINBERG | Leonara | 1919 | F | B |
GRINSHPAN | Henryk | 1919 | M | A |
GRINSHPAN | Natan | 1897 | M | A |
GRINSHPAN | Ziegfried | 1906 | M | A |
GROS | Naphtali | 1899 | M | A |
GROSSBART | Alexander | 1911 | M | A |
GROSSBART | Yossef | 1907 | M | A |
GROSSER | Moshe | 1924 | M | A |
GROSSER | Benyamin | 1893 | M | A |
GROSSFELD | Itzhak | 1920 | M | A |
GRUBEL | Awraham | 1900 | M | A |
GRUBEL | Naphtali | 1910 | M | A |
GRUBEL | Lieibush | 1923 | M | A |
GRUBNER | Yossef | 1907 | M | A |
GRUNER | Gusta | 1900 | F | B |
GRUNER | Hirsak Dawi | 1905 | M | C |
GRUNER | Jacob | 1928 | M | C |
GUT | Awraham | 1924 | M | A |
GUTENBERG | Mendel | 1913 | M | C |
GUTHERTZ | Augusta | 1897 | F | B |
GUTMAN | Adolph | 1919 | M | A |
HAAR | Isaak | 1925 | M | A |
HABER | Israel | 1900 | M | A |
HALBERSHTAM | Moses | 1908 | M | A |
HALPERN | Edward | 1925 | M | A |
HALPERN | Chaskel | 1922 | M | A |
HARTMAN | Ferdinand | 1917 | M | A |
HARTMAN | Salomon | 1920 | M | A |
HEBESTOCK | Machmia | 1898 | F | C |
HECHT | Zygmunt | 1926 | M | A |
HEFTER | Ceasar | 1926 | M | C |
HEILINGER | Julius | 1922 | M | A |
HELFSTEIN | Joel | 1907 | M | C |
HELLER | Salmon | 1899 | M | C |
HENECH | Yakowherm | 1920 | M | A |
HERBST | Yossef | 1928 | M | A |
HERMAN | Bernard | 1924 | M | A |
HERRENDORF | Elisa | 1911 | F | C |
HERSCHLAG | Shmul | 1905 | M | A |
HERSCHLAG | Israel | 1923 | M | A |
HERSHKOWITZ | Yakow Itzik | 1912 | M | A |
HERSHLOWITZ | Motek | 1909 | M | A |
HERTHEIMER | Helena | 1922 | F | B |
HERTZOG | Gershon | 1912 | M | C |
HILFSTEIN | Chaim | 1886 | M | A |
HILMAN | Henryk | 1926 | M | A |
HIRSH | Ypssek | 1922 | M | A |
HIRSHFELD | Shmuel | 1919 | M | A |
HIRSHFELD | Pola | 1921 | F | B |
HIRSHPRUNG | Itzik | 1909 | M | C |
HIRSHPRUNG | Mauritz | 1924 | M | C |
HIRSHPRUNG | Adolph | 1923 | M | C |
HIRSHPRUNG | Awraham | 1911 | M | C |
HIRSHPRUNG | Natan | 1906 | M | C |
HITLINGER | Salomon | 1912 | M | A |
HOFFMAN | Chaim Leib | 1904 | M | A |
HOFFMAN | Yossef | 1920 | M | A |
HOFSTATETR | Yossef | 1909 | M | A |
HOLLANDER | Emanuel | 1915 | M | A |
HONIG | Meir | 1902 | M | A |
HONIG | Shmuel | 1901 | M | A |
HONIG | Chana Malk | 1902 | F | B |
HOROWITZ | Dawid | 1906 | M | A |
HOROWITZ | Shachne | 1888 | M | A |
HOROWITZ | Anshel | 1925 | M | A |
HOROWITZ | Itzik | 1911 | M | A |
HOROWITZ | Wolf | 1898 | M | A |
HOROWITZ | Moses | 1904 | M | A |
HOROWITZ | Nina | 1911 | F | B |
HOROWITZ | Roma | 1912 | F | B |
HOROWITZ | Lara | 1888 | F | B |
HOSTOCK | Benyamin | 1922 | M | C |
HOTZIG | Awraham | 1920 | M | A |
HUGMAN | Shlomo | 1912 | M | A |
HUPER | Marian | 1925 | M | A |
IMERGLICK | Chana Malk | 1902 | F | B |
INTIN | Joseph | 1916 | M | C |
INTIN | Zolek | 1915 | M | C |
ISRAELI | Hela | 1910 | F | B |
IZOWITZ | Sala | 1911 | F | B |
JAKUBOWITZ | Irene | 1923 | F | B |
JESSKILL | Awraham | 1908 | M | C |
JODA | Awraham | 1910 | M | C |
KAN | Sacha | 1914 | M | C |
KANAREK | Eliasz | 1906 | M | A |
KAPLANER | Chaim | 1925 | M | A |
KASHIBO | Shmuel | 1914 | M | A |
KASSLER | Mauritz | 1902 | M | A |
KATOLIC | Cila | 1914 | F | B |
KATZ | Yehiel | 1926 | M | A |
KATZ | Awraham | 1906 | M | C |
KATZ | Moniek | 1906 | M | C |
KAUFMAN | Adolph | 1911 | M | A |
KAUFMAN | Shimon | 1922 | M | A |
KAUFMAN | Helina | 1919 | F | B |
KENIGSBER | Anna | 1890 | F | B |
KEREN | Shiya | 1906 | M | A |
KEREN | Sala | 1904 | F | B |
KEZZ | Mauritz | 1904 | M | C |
KIBTATZ | Fredel | 1921 | F | B |
KIHAN | Helena | 1922 | F | B |
KIRSCHNER | Shmuel | 1908 | M | A |
KIRSCHNER | Artur | 1915 | M | C |
KLAGBRUN | ? | 1918 | M | C |
KLASSNER | Joseph | 1928 | M | C |
KLEIN | Salomon | 1918 | M | A |
KLEIN | Meir | 1924 | M | A |
KLEIN | Hillel | 1928 | M | C |
KLEINER | Chaim | 1907 | M | C |
KLEINER | Natan | 1924 | M | C |
KLEINZELLER | Mendel | 1910 | M | A |
KLIMAN | Zygmunt | 1913 | M | A |
KLINGER | Henryk | 1904 | M | A |
KLINGER | Sara | 1911 | F | B |
KLOTZ | Slomon | 1912 | M | A |
KLUGGER | Salomon | 1901 | M | A |
KNOBLER | Moshe | 1922 | M | A |
KONA | Monik | 1922 | M | A |
KOPITU | Moses | 1898 | M | A |
KORBER | Leker Lif | 1907 | M | C |
KORN | Rachel | 1906 | F | B |
KORNMEHL | Salomon | 1911 | M | A |
KORNWASSER | Yehaskel | 1911 | M | A |
KRAUSS | Sjomon | 1909 | M | A |
KRAUSS | Jako | 1904 | M | C |
KREBS | Henryk | 1926 | M | A |
KREITZBERG | Dagobert | 1896 | M | A |
KRESHER | Shiya | 1918 | M | A |
KRIEG | Samuel | 1911 | M | A |
KRIGER | Herman | 1894 | M | A |
KRITZSTEIN | Marcel | 1924 | M | A |
KRONFELD | Nuta | 1912 | M | C |
KRUMHOLTZ | Richard | 1916 | M | A |
KRUMHOLTZ | Lena | 1917 | F | B |
KRUTESBERG | Dagobert | 1896 | M | C |
KSINETZKI | Yossef | 1903 | M | A |
KUKEIR | Mordke | 1919 | M | C |
KUKEIR | Naphtali | 1903 | M | C |
KUPETZ | Samuel | 1911 | M | A |
KUPETZ | Zelig | 1901 | M | A |
KUPPER | Shulem | 1904 | M | A |
KUPTZIG | Leib | 1926 | M | A |
KUTCHER | Ludwig | 1921 | M | A |
LAKS | Mauricy | 1914 | M | A |
LANDESHAT | Kofel | 1917 | M | A |
LANDMAN | Yaakow | 1901 | M | A |
LANDSBERG | Yankel | 1908 | M | A |
LANDSDORFER | Ferdinand | 1924 | M | A |
LAOS | Yaakow | 1916 | M | A |
LASLOW | Yaakow | 1901 | M | A |
LAST | Hersh | 1915 | M | A |
LEBERTOW | Yaakow | 1906 | M | A |
LEDEL | Duba | 1893 | F | B |
LEDERMAN | Shmuel | 1895 | M | A |
LEFEL | Sabina | 1913 | F | B |
LEHRFELD | Simon | 1922 | M | C |
LEHRFELD | William | 1925 | M | C |
LEHRMAN | Herman | 1910 | M | A |
LEIZER | Gerda | 1911 | F | B |
LEIZEROWICZ | Isaac | 1925 | M | C |
LEMBERGER | Moses | 1925 | M | A |
LEMOUS | Yaakow | 1903 | M | A |
LEMPEL | Anita | 1923 | F | B |
LEOPOLHOLTZ | Haskel | 1912 | M | C |
LERNER | Anna | 1913 | F | B |
LERNER | Mieczyslaw | 1905 | M | C |
LEWINGER | Joachim | 1896 | M | A |
LEWINSKI | Dawid | 1916 | M | A |
LEWINSTEIN | Israel | 1912 | M | A |
LEWINSTEIN | Solomon | 1915 | M | A |
LEWINSTEIN | ? | 1911 | F | B |
LEWISON | Chana Malk | 1918 | F | B |
LEWITT | Moses | 1914 | M | C |
LEWITT | Mordke | 1920 | M | C |
LEWITTES | Wilhelm | 1923 | M | A |
LEWITTES | Lazar | 1907 | M | A |
LEWKOWITZ | Ethel | 1906 | F | B |
LIBAN | Jan | 1926 | M | A |
LIBLER | Awraham | 1916 | M | A |
LIBLICH | Israel | 1924 | M | A |
LICHTENSOHN | Henryk | 1921 | M | C |
LICHTENSTEIN | Gershon | 1905 | M | C |
LIEBENGOLD | Etka | 1910 | F | B |
LINKOWSKI | Mauricy | 1905 | M | A |
LIPA | Yaakow | 1918 | M | A |
LIPNITZKI | Itzik | 1925 | M | A |
LISSON | Dawid | 1927 | M | A |
LISSON | Leib | 1921 | M | A |
LISSON | Moses | 1893 | M | A |
LITMAN | Stefan | 1914 | M | A |
LITMANIWITZ | Leib | 1915 | M | A |
LITMONOWITZ | Salomon | 1915 | M | C |
LIZORK | Mendel | 1927 | M | A |
LOEW | Philip | 1909 | M | A |
LOWENTZER | Ludwiga | 1921 | F | B |
LUBLINKER | Isaac | 1910 | M | A |
LUFTENGLASS | Berl | 1895 | M | A |
LUKS | Leonard | 1921 | M | A |
LUNKER | Tchas | 1913 | M | A |
LUPER | Sol | 1920 | M | C |
LUSTGARTEN | Karol | 1897 | M | C |
LUSTGARTEN | Richard | 1924 | M | C |
LUSTIK | Markus | 1925 | M | A |
MAHLER | Awraham | 1902 | M | A |
MALINSKI | Yossef | 1920 | M | A |
MANA | Tauba | 1892 | F | B |
MANDELBAUM | Major | 1920 | M | C |
MANDELBAUM | Mendel | 1924 | M | C |
MANN | Shaya | 1914 | M | A |
MARGOLIS | Mechel | 1914 | M | A |
MARKIEL | Salomon | 1905 | M | A |
MARKOWITZ | Awraham | 1905 | M | A |
MARKOWITZ | Feivel | 1920 | M | A |
MARKOWITZ | Israel | 1909 | M | C |
MARMOR | Yossef | 1888 | M | A |
MEHR | Jako | 1916 | M | C |
MEKLER | Moses | 1920 | M | A |
MELTZ | Eliasz | 1923 | M | A |
MELTZ | Markus | 1916 | M | A |
MELTZER | Eisik | 1895 | M | A |
MENDEL | Naftali | 1925 | M | A |
MENDEL | Wolf | 1904 | M | A |
MERDER | Wilhelm | 1905 | M | A |
METILANSKI | Leib | 1925 | M | A |
MILER | Eugenia | 1926 | F | B |
MILLER | Lipman | 1918 | M | C |
MILNER | Mordke | 1926 | M | A |
MINDER | Sela | 1914 | F | B |
MITLER | Itzik | 1908 | M | A |
MITLES | Hugo | 1910 | M | A |
MITLES | Kalman | 1920 | M | A |
MITLIS | Sender | 1908 | M | A |
MITLIS | Shmul | 1924 | M | A |
MITLUS | Alter | 1906 | M | A |
MITTLES | Israel | 1897 | M | C |
MITZNER | Wilhelm | 1911 | M | A |
MOHLER | Shaul | 1926 | M | C |
MONDRER | Nuchim | 1923 | M | A |
MONHEIT | Mieczyslaw | 1916 | M | A |
MONHEIT | Henryk | 1926 | M | A |
MOTLETCH | Itzik | 1922 | M | C |
MUNDSHEI | Binem | 1918 | M | C |
MUNDSTEIN | Arnolf | 1915 | M | A |
MUNDSTEIN | Yossef | 1900 | M | A |
MUNDSTEIN | Moses | 1923 | M | A |
MUNHOIT | Mozes | 1892 | M | A |
MUNT | Hersh | 1910 | M | A |
NACHMAN | Shiya | 1894 | M | C |
NADEL | Leib | 1906 | M | A |
NADEL | Felicia | 1917 | F | B |
NADEL | Leon | 1889 | M | C |
NADLER | Oskar Leize | 1914 | M | A |
NAFKER | Israel | 1904 | M | A |
NAFKER | Yakow | 1911 | M | A |
NAFTALOWITCH | Itzik | 1924 | M | A |
NAGEL | Markus | 1924 | M | A |
NASS | Roza | 1906 | F | B |
NATANSON | Yunes | 1913 | M | A |
NEIGER | Markus | 1902 | M | A |
NEIGER | Solomon | 1908 | M | A |
NEIGER | Lea | 1906 | F | B |
NESSEL | Baruch | 1925 | M | A |
NEUBERT | Chaim | 1924 | M | A |
NEUBURG | Wictor | 1924 | M | A |
NEUDET | Mauritz | 1917 | M | A |
NEUFELD | Alter | 1906 | M | A |
NEUMAN | Zygmunt | 1898 | M | A |
NEUMAN | Mona | 1914 | F | B |
NEUMARK | Israel | 1922 | M | A |
NEZEL | Salmon | 1924 | M | C |
NIMETZ | Yossek | 1925 | M | A |
NIWELEWSKI | Reuwen | 1917 | M | C |
NIWLEWSKI | Leon | 1917 | M | A |
NOWOTNI | Mordke | 1904 | M | A |
NUSSBAUM | Eisisk | 1905 | M | A |
NUSSBAUM | Otto | 1923 | M | A |
NUSSBAUM | Henoch | 1909 | M | A |
NUSSBAUM | Harta | 1921 | F | B |
OFFMAN | Wolfi | 1900 | M | A |
OFMAN | Henrika | 1920 | F | B |
OFMAN | Herta | 1929 | F | B |
OLNIK | Yaakow | 1921 | M | A |
OPPENHEIM | Henryk | 1923 | M | A |
OSTREICHER | Yakow | 1917 | M | A |
OTZ | Dawid | 1909 | M | A |
PEARL | Salomon | 1907 | M | A |
PEARLBERG | Naftali | 1923 | M | A |
PEARLBERG | Samuel | 1899 | M | A |
PEARLBERG | Dora | 1907 | F | B |
PEARLMAN | Israel | 1907 | M | A |
PEARLMAN | Naphtali | 1891 | M | C |
PEARLMUTTER | Leon | 1910 | M | C |
PEARLROT | Awraham | 1925 | M | A |
PEARLROT | Nuchim | 1893 | M | A |
PEARLROT | Awraham | 1927 | M | C |
PELZMAN | Gusta | 1912 | F | B |
PENIKEL | Leizer | 1926 | M | A |
PINELESS | Maximilian | 1921 | M | C |
PINKAS | Ester | 1915 | F | B |
PINKASSOWITZKI | Zenkil | 1912 | M | C |
POSNER | Israel | 1904 | M | A |
PREISS | Emanuel | 1924 | M | A |
PRESCHADECKI | Israel | 1914 | M | C |
PRESSER | Bronislawa | 1923 | F | B |
PRESSER | Fremia | 1910 | F | B |
PRESSER | Roza | 1919 | F | B |
PRESSLER | Bernard | 1914 | M | A |
PRINA | Hermina | 1900 | F | B |
PRINTZ | Eisisk | 1893 | M | A |
PRINTZ | Yossef | 1927 | M | A |
PROPKIR | Moses | 1906 | M | A |
PSZEBORSKI | Kalman | 1912 | M | A |
PSZECHATZKI | Alek | 1920 | M | A |
PSZECHATZKI | Yakow | 1925 | M | A |
PSZECHATZKI | Leibusz | 1920 | M | A |
PULKA | Sculin | 1898 | M | C |
RADZWILER | Adolph | 1911 | M | A |
RAKOWSKI | Israel | 1927 | M | A |
RAPPOPORT | Dawid | 1917 | M | A |
RATH | Dora | 1916 | F | B |
RATTAS | Chaim | 1923 | M | C |
RATTAS | Paul | 1920 | M | C |
RECHEN | Rihard | 1921 | M | A |
RECHSBAUM | Stanislaw | 1916 | M | A |
REDLICH | Wilhelm | 1916 | M | A |
REICH | Awraham | 1907 | M | A |
REICH | Emil | 1894 | M | A |
REIF | Vicyor | 1906 | M | A |
REWER | Pinka | 1913 | F | C |
RIGER | Mendel | 1927 | M | C |
RILES | Natan | 1915 | M | C |
RINGELBLOOM | Arnold | 1920 | M | A |
RITTER | Isidor | 1911 | M | C |
RITTER | Simcha | 1907 | M | C |
RIWA | Yeshayahu | 1914 | M | A |
RIZMAN | Lola | 1917 | F | B |
RIZMAN | Jacob | 1915 | M | C |
RONZEK | Yaakow | 1913 | M | A |
ROSEN | Moses | 1917 | M | A |
ROSENBAUM | Eisik | 1921 | M | A |
ROSENBAUM | Dawid | 1926 | M | C |
ROSENBAUM | Hersh | 1925 | M | C |
ROSENBERG | Meir | 1906 | M | A |
ROSENBERG | Moshek | 1925 | M | A |
ROSENBERG | Julius | 1900 | M | A |
ROSENBERG | Motek | 1911 | M | A |
ROSENBERG | Shlomo | 1911 | M | A |
ROSENBERG | Shmuel | 1913 | M | A |
ROSENBERG | Motek | 1921 | M | C |
ROSENFELD | Natan | 1925 | M | A |
ROSENFELD | Maurice | 1924 | M | C |
ROSENHAHN | Samuel | 1925 | M | C |
ROSENKRANTZ | Raphel | 2906 | M | A |
ROSENKRANTZ | Raphael | 1906 | M | C |
ROSENSTEIN | Henryk | 1915 | M | A |
ROSENSTOCK | Benjamin | 1928 | M | A |
ROSENTHAL | Chaim | 1922 | M | A |
ROSENTZWEIG | Naphtali | 1923 | M | C |
ROTHBERG | Erna | 1915 | F | B |
ROTHBERG | Maurice | 1908 | M | C |
ROTHEIM | Mozes | 1906 | M | A |
ROTHENBERG | Aaron | 1923 | M | A |
ROTHENBERG | Shmuel | 1898 | M | A |
ROTHENBERG | Zygmunt | 1923 | M | A |
ROTHER | Isaac | 1923 | M | A |
ROTHER | Shaul | 1919 | M | A |
ROTHER | Zygmunt | 1920 | M | A |
ROZNER | Hirsh | 1906 | M | A |
ROZNER | Helena | 1909 | F | B |
RUBINSTEIN | Anshel | 1918 | M | A |
RUBINSTEIN | Mauricy | 1920 | M | A |
RUBINSTEIN | Shmuel | 1914 | M | A |
RUDDER | Itzik | 1900 | M | A |
SAFIER | Rita | 1926 | F | B |
SAPHIR | Yehoshua | 1885 | M | A |
SARNA | Jonka | 1921 | F | C |
SCHANOWETTER | Dawid | 1912 | M | C |
SCHARF | Dawid | 1914 | M | A |
SCHARF | Tauba | 1914 | F | B |
SCHEIN | Rita | 1921 | F | B |
SCHEINHERTZ | Ester | 1899 | F | B |
SCHEINHERTZ | Helena | 1899 | F | B |
SCHEINHERTZ | Stefania | 1906 | F | B |
SCHELLER | Awraham | 1920 | M | C |
SCHENKER | Rebeca | 1888 | F | B |
SCHICK | Irena | 1921 | F | B |
SCHINTEL | Bela | 1899 | F | B |
SCHINTEL | Regina | 1917 | F | B |
SCHINTEL | Sara | 1868 | F | B |
SCHISSER | Salmon | 1912 | M | C |
SCHLAKCZIK | Israel | 1921 | M | C |
SCHLUSSEL | Awraham | 1914 | M | C |
SCHMALTZ | Aaron Yos | 1897 | M | C |
SCHMIDT | Eliasz | 1904 | M | A |
SCHMIDT | Naphtali | 1902 | M | A |
SCHNIRER | Hela | 1904 | F | B |
SCHNITZER | Dawid | 1894 | M | A |
SCHNITZER | Dawid | 1894 | M | C |
SCHNUFTBEK | Leon | 1902 | M | C |
SCHNUR | Maurice | 1907 | M | C |
SCHPIGEL | Chiel | 1913 | M | C |
SCHTRENGST | Ester | 1911 | F | B |
SCHTRENGST | Sara | 1892 | F | B |
SCHUMACHER | Kalman | 1912 | M | C |
SCHWARTZBAUM | Dawid | 1912 | M | C |
SCHWARTZMAN | Bela | 1909 | F | B |
SCHWARTZMAN | Solomia | 1928 | F | B |
SCHWARTZMEHR | Lib | 1921 | M | C |
SERBATKA | Feivel | 1914 | M | A |
SEREBRANA | Giselle Stef | 1918 | F | B |
SHADEL | Reuven | 1888 | M | A |
SHAGRIN | Zacharias | 1925 | M | A |
SHAK | Yerzi | 1917 | M | A |
SHEIN | Chaim | 1916 | M | A |
SHEINGUT | Nachmias | 1921 | M | A |
SHEINHERTZ | Zygmunt | 1914 | M | A |
SHEWSHOWSKI | Moshe | 1924 | M | A |
SHIDLINGER | Markus | 1918 | M | A |
SHIDLOWSKI | Yehiel | 1919 | M | A |
SHIDLOWSKI | Meir | 1922 | M | A |
SHIFF | Leizer | 1925 | M | A |
SHIFF | Mitzsider | 1924 | M | A |
SHIMEL | Aleksander | 1927 | M | C |
SHINDEL | Samuel | 1905 | M | A |
SHINOWITZ | Arian | 1922 | M | A |
SHINRER | Solo | 1927 | M | C |
SHLAGGER | Wilk | 1916 | M | A |
SHLOMOWITZ | Chaim | 1924 | M | A |
SHNITZKI | Yankil | 1904 | M | A |
SHRAGER | Berish | 1908 | M | A |
SHTAMLER | Yehazkel | 1922 | M | A |
SHTAMLER | Chaim | 1923 | M | A |
SHTAMLER | Shimon | 1919 | M | A |
SHTAMLER | Zelig | 1902 | M | A |
SHTERFELD | Yossef | 1896 | M | A |
SHTERNBERG | Ephraim | 1919 | M | A |
SHTERNER | Wolf | 1919 | M | A |
SHTIL | Leon | 1910 | M | A |
SHTIL | Norbert | 1914 | M | A |
SHTRENGST | Awraham | 1900 | M | A |
SHTRUZ | Wictor | 1901 | M | A |
SHTRUZ | Wolf | 1926 | M | A |
SHULKIND | Shmuel | 1914 | M | A |
SKAMSKI | Jakob | 1921 | M | C |
SMETANA | Ernest | 1929 | M | A |
SOLANDER | Moses | 1904 | M | A |
SOLANI | Leib | 1921 | M | A |
SOLDINGER | Shmuel | 1824 | M | A |
SPILER | Fritz | 1922 | M | A |
SPINER | Chaim | 1890 | M | C |
SPIRA | Yossef | 1907 | M | A |
STAMPLER | Jakob | 1912 | M | C |
STATEFELDT | Markus | 1921 | M | A |
STEIN | Aaron | 1920 | M | A |
STEIN | Henoch | 1893 | M | A |
STEINHARDT | Rut | 1922 | F | B |
STEINHAUS | Racia | 1900 | F | B |
STEINPRES | Yossef | 1895 | M | A |
STERN | Aaron | 1908 | M | A |
STERN | Asher | 1908 | M | A |
STIL | Sidonia | 1922 | F | B |
STIL | Alice | 1912 | F | C |
STOPNIKO | Solomon | 1923 | M | C |
STRASSBERG | Mauricy | 1903 | M | A |
SULTRANIK | Shlomo | 1922 | M | A |
SWUSCHAKANTIL | Dawid | 1909 | M | C |
TAG | Lazar | 1924 | M | A |
TAWAS | Hersh | 1911 | M | C |
TEITELBAUM | Awraham | 1916 | M | C |
TEITELBAUM | Dawid | 1917 | M | C |
TEITELBAUM | Dawid | 1913 | M | C |
TEITELBAUM | Joseph | 1920 | M | C |
TEITELBAUM | Menachem | 1918 | M | C |
TELLER | Mendel | 1923 | M | A |
TELLER | Maurice | 1894 | M | C |
TENNENBAUM | Shimon | 1928 | M | A |
TENNENBAUM | Marcel | 1925 | M | A |
TENNENBAUM | Zuskind | 1899 | M | A |
TENNENBAUM | Yakow | 1919 | M | A |
TENNENBAUM | Hersh | 1923 | M | C |
TEUIFEL | Ignacy | 1917 | M | A |
TEUIFFEL | Beno | 1925 | M | A |
THON | Tehila | 1912 | F | B |
TIGER | Berl | 1923 | M | A |
TOVIM | Herman | 1905 | M | A |
TRAUNG | Stefania | 1905 | F | B |
TRAURING | Ferdinand | 1892 | M | A |
TUREK | Shmuel | 1911 | M | A |
TURK | Lola | 1916 | F | B |
TURK | Rosalia | 1910 | F | B |
TZIPPS | Daniel | 1905 | M | A |
TZNGER | Karolina | 1909 | F | B |
TZUKER | Israel | 1906 | M | C |
TZUKERMAN | Eliezer | 1908 | M | A |
TZUKERMAN | Awraham | 1924 | M | A |
TZUKERMAN | Herman | 1912 | M | A |
TZUKERMAN | Chaim | 1911 | M | A |
TZUKERMAN | Isaac | 1916 | M | A |
TZUKERMAN | Yeti | 1915 | F | B |
TZWEIG | Herman | 1911 | M | A |
TZWIK | Yoachim | 1916 | M | A |
UNDERMAN | Awraham | 1933 | M | C |
UNGER | Meir | 1898 | M | C |
UNGER | Moses | 1928 | M | C |
WACHDLUBSKI | Baruch | 1886 | M | A |
WACHDLUBSKI | Kalman | 1922 | M | A |
WAGSHALL | Isidor | 1908 | M | A |
WAGSHALL | Yakow | 1920 | M | A |
WAHL | Mindel | 1897 | F | B |
WANTZELBERG | Maurice | 1919 | M | C |
WARENBERG | Leon | 1929 | M | A |
WARSHAWSKI | Meir | 1900 | M | A |
WASSERLAUFER | Nahum | 1925 | M | A |
WASSERMAN | Baruch | 1926 | M | C |
WASSERMAN | Jakob | 1905 | M | C |
WASSERTEIL | Moses | 1898 | M | A |
WASSERTIL | Cecilia | 1922 | F | B |
WEIL | Naphtali | 1914 | M | A |
WEINBERG | Adolph | 1910 | M | A |
WEINBERG | Shiya | 1902 | M | A |
WEINBERG | Markus | 1909 | M | A |
WEINER | Yechiel | 1919 | M | C |
WEINER | Natan | 1903 | M | C |
WEINFELD | Israel | 1904 | M | A |
WEINGARTEN | Shimon | 1919 | M | A |
WEINGURT | Israel | 1923 | M | A |
WEINRIB | Eda | 1926 | F | C |
WEINROT | Israel | 1923 | M | A |
WEINSTEIN | Moses | 1918 | M | A |
WEINSTEIN | Daniel | 1895 | M | C |
WEINSTEIN | Hersh | 1919 | M | C |
WEINSTOCK | Hirsh | 1915 | M | A |
WEINTRAUB | Moniek | 1925 | M | A |
WEIS | Aaron | 1918 | M | C |
WEISS | Yehuda | 1913 | M | A |
WEISS | Wolf | 1909 | M | A |
WEISS | Chaim | 1915 | M | C |
WEISS | Joshua | 1918 | M | C |
WEISSBERG | Kalman | 1912 | M | A |
WEKSSLER | Chiel | 1895 | M | A |
WEKSSLER | Adela | 1900 | F | B |
WEKSSLER | Maria | 1928 | F | B |
WELKES | Leib | 1911 | M | A |
WERDIGER | Daaawid | 1920 | M | C |
WERNER | Dawid | 1923 | M | A |
WERTEL | Chaim | 1928 | M | A |
WERTEL | Chaim | 1892 | M | A |
WERTEL | Bernard | 1922 | M | C |
WERTEL | Joseph | 1927 | M | C |
WERTHEIM | Shmuel | 1919 | M | A |
WERTHEIMER | Henryk | 1906 | M | C |
WERTSTEIN | Chaim | 1922 | M | A |
WIENER | Chaim | 1904 | M | A |
WIENER | Israel | 1921 | M | A |
WIENER | Shmuel | 1907 | M | A |
WISENFELD | Rachmiel | 1914 | M | A |
WOGEL | Maximilian | 1914 | M | C |
WOHLBERG | Awraham | 1921 | M | A |
WOHLBERG | Biner | 1913 | M | A |
WOHLMUEL | Yakow | 1894 | M | A |
WOLFEILER | Kalman | 1896 | M | A |
WOLFEILER | Roman | 1918 | M | A |
WOLFF | Dawid | 1915 | M | A |
WOLFIELD | Alice | 1912 | M | C |
WOLFILD | Chaya | 1897 | F | B |
WOLFILER | Eliasz | 1912 | M | A |
WOLFMAN | Adolph | 1921 | M | C |
WOLFMAN | Jakob | 1913 | M | C |
WOLFMAN | Salo | 1935 | M | C |
WOLFOWITZ | Idek | 1922 | M | A |
WULKAN | Ozish | 1912 | M | A |
WULKAN | Reuven | 1919 | M | A |
WURTHMAN | Sara Reisel | 1890 | F | B |
WURTHMAN | Leon | 1894 | M | C |
WURTHMAN | Maurice | 1926 | M | C |
WURTZEL | Maurice | 1926 | M | C |
WURTZEL | Stefan | 1927 | M | C |
WURTZEL | Amsalem | 1924 | M | C |
ZAHN | Leib | 1908 | M | A |
ZAHN | Asher | 1917 | M | C |
ZALTZBERG | Chaim | 1925 | M | A |
ZALTZBERG | Emanuel | 1919 | M | A |
ZALTZBERG | Hersh | 1898 | M | A |
ZALTZBERG | Shmuel | 1923 | M | A |
ZANGER | Moniek | 1933 | M | A |
ZAUBERBRIN | Leon | 1904 | M | A |
ZAUBERMAN | Dawid | 1910 | M | A |
ZAUERBRUN | Rut | 1913 | F | B |
ZEIBERSTEIN | Awraham | 1909 | M | C |
ZELINGER | Emalia | 1888 | F | B |
ZELLINGER | Chaim | 1895 | M | A |
ZELNIK | Markus | 1913 | M | C |
ZIDNUNG | Yerachmiel | 1904 | M | A |
ZILBERBERG | Yoel | 1900 | M | A |
ZILBERBERG | Yossef | 1925 | M | A |
ZILBERBERG | Shlomo | 1903 | M | A |
ZILBERBERG | Baruch | 1924 | M | A |
ZILBERSTEIN | Hersh | 1902 | M | A |
ZILBERSTEIN | Shimon | 1912 | M | A |
ZILBIGER | Grad | 1923 | M | C |
ZILENGUT | Lazar | 1905 | M | A |
ZILLER | Dawid Yon | 1904 | M | A |
ZIMBAR | Fishel | 1918 | M | A |
ZINGER | Adolph | 1911 | M | A |
ZINGER | Chaim | 1922 | M | A |
ZINGER | Mendel | 1925 | M | A |
ZINGER | Henryk | 1903 | M | C |
ZIRLICH | Awraham | 1922 | M | A |
ZLINGER | Ozrish | 1917 | M | A |
ZLINGER | Shimon | 1891 | M | A |
ZLINGER | Lazar | 1924 | M | A |
ZOLLMAN | Maks | 1923 | M | C |
ZOLLMAN | Moses | 1911 | M | C |
ZOLMAN | Mechel | 1907 | M | A |
ZONENSTEIN | Isaac | 1905 | M | A |
ZONENSTEIN | Isaac | 1923 | M | A |
This list would undergo numerous changes before the Schindler factory would leave Krakow. The Soviet armies were advancing rapidly in Poland and approaching Krakow. The Germans began to send concentration camp inmates to various places in the rear. In August 1944 a large transport of workers from Płaszów was assembled at the railway station. About 2,000 workers were there. Goeth insisted that Schindler contribute some people to the transport. Schindler negotiated with Goeth and they settled on about fifty workers that would have to leave the Schindler factory and join the transport. I was one of those selected workers. I felt like I was just condemned to death. I tried to intervene but did not have enough clout to change the decision. All the other workers selected for the transport tried to remain in the factory and used their connections. A great deal of pressure was applied on the camp leadership to change names. I did not succeed and resigned myself to my fate.
The morning of the departure, I was given jam and other foods from the camp warehouse and marched off to the railway station where I received a can of one kilo of meat and a military bread or the road that would last for about three days. We were squezeed into cattle cars at the rate of 140 people per car. I could not stand or sit and it was very hot. The train was standing in the blazing heat that became unbearable, when suddenly drops of cold water began to seep through the roof. As the water kept pouring into the car, it cooled the car. I saw Schindler directing the water hose holder to spray the cars. Finally we left Krakow and headed to the concentration camp of Mauthausen.
The following month, September 1944, Amon Goeth was arrested by the S.S. for stealing Jewish goods, a serious crime since the goods belonged to the state. The case never reached the S.S. court due to the continuous deterioration of the German military situation. However, Goeth was assigned to a mental hospital where the Americans found him and handed him over to the Polish authorities as a war criminal. He was condemned to death and executed on September 13, 1946 in Krakow, not far from the Płaszów concentration camp. Schindler managed to get the necessary papers to transfer his entire factory and personnel to Brunnitz in Czechoslovakia. He tried to enlist Madritsch to join him and move his factory to Brunnitz. Madritsch declined and closed his factory in Krakow. We have to remember the German military situation and yet Schindler managed to obtain cars and transport his workers to Czechoslovakia. In October 1944, the Schindler factory and the personnel left Krakow.One of his male transports wound up in the concentration camp of Gross Rosen. Schindler himself intervened and obtained their release. A female transport wound up in AuschwitzBirkenau. Schindler persuaded the commandant to release his workers and paid for them. They were released and soon reached Brunnitz. Schindler maneuvered and negotiated until the Russians freed the camp and all the inmates were freed. On January 14, 1945, the last group of inmates left for Auschwitz. Shortly thereafter, Płaszów was liberated by the Soviets.
|
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
Nowy Sącz, Poland Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2024 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 11 Dec 2015 by JH