[Page 348]

[Page 349]

By being drunk, you poison your body and soul and disgrace the name "policeman" before the people.

Only sober people can conscientiously perform the honorable duties of policeman in the struggle against Bolshevism.

In this war, the interests of the Belorussian nation demand an alliance with Germans.

You are the first Belorussian soldiers.

Owing to your honorable performance of a policeman's duties, that is, struggle against banditism, conscientious service for the preservation of law and order, and so forth, the people participate in this war.

You are the flesh and blood of the Belorussian nation.

For this purpose, you must be its best protectors, advisers, and guardians for any need.

Every act of yours, good or bad, can affect the fate of your people and homeland.

You serve the Fatherland -- Belarus, and there is no more important, honorable, and finer duty in the world than to serve one's nation.

To give one's life for one's nation and homeland is the highest expression of this service, which covers people with immortal glory.

Discipline is conscientious performance of one's duties.

The power of a nation depends on the discipline of its citizens.

Only disciplined nations can gain independence.

National rites are the manifestation of the soul of a nation.

The richer the national rites, the higher the spiritual culture of a nation.

To love and respect one's national rites is to love and respect one's nation.

1941-1942

(Translated from Belorussian, cited from Arche, Vyalikaya Aychynnaya vayna, No. 2, 1999, Minsk, page 96).

Note: this would be from an “instruction manual” for police forces established by the Nazi occupation regime in Belorusssia, 1941-1944, whose members were local residents (Belorussians and Russians).

[Page 350]

From Regional Commissar of Mozyr
To District burgomistr (mayor) of Kalinkovichi

December 20, 1941

1. Who is considered Jewish:

   Anyone who has a Jewish parent But if only one parent is Jewish, the child is to report as a mixed person (meshantsy – Belorusian for children of the marriage of a Jew and a Non-Jew). The important point is the parentage, not the religion as it is. Special attention needs to be paid to the fact that no ceremony of the Christian Church can change this fact. In order to avoid uncertainty, the christening of Jews or meshantsy is categorically forbidden.

2. Signs identifying Jews:

   Each Jew or meshantsy is required to wear an identifying sign over the clothing – a yellow strip of fabric the width of one's palm, sewn on firmly. It should be attached so that it is visible from the front or from behind, and even when outer wear is removed. (Note: Apparently it's not enough to have it on outer wear; the clothing you wore indoors had to have it, too).

3. Segregation of Jews:

   As per secret instructions, in Kalinkovichy there needs to be created immediately a special Jewish quarter where only Jews and meshantsy live. Non-Jews would not able to live there. Jews need to bring with them,to the new place of living, all of their property.

4. Collection of Jews living in the countryside:

   It's forbidden for Jews and non-Jews to associate. All Jews in neighboring places must gather in the allotted separated sector of Mozyr. In order to relieve Mozyr of additional difficulties, the burgomistry will be responsible for issuing food, ration books and granting certificates for each Jewish person resettled in Mozyr. Certificates are required to include the following information:

   • Family name and patronymic
     
   • Day of birth, year and month
     
   • Position, occupation and residence up to June 22, 1941
     

5. Violations:

   Infringement of any of the aforementioned points will result in penalties for the Jew and the burgomistr (mayor). Punishment will be as severe as that for espionage.

The current report should be delivered to the attention of the starosta(person on duty in Belarusian villages) of each village no later than December 31, 1941. One copy each of this advertisement in the Russian and Belarusian languages must be delivered to me.

The Regional Commissar

Original document held at GARF (State Archive of the Russian Federation (Moscow) fond 8114, opis 1, delo 965, listy 99-100, copy at Yad Vashem Archives (Jerusalem) M-35/14).

[Page 352]

My wife possibly didn't fully understand the meaning of these words. This crime can't be possible, and Holhausen was drunk.

Holhausen told me: “You can do it when you're drunk, and woe unto us, when the Russians recapture Minsk, and all this comes out into the open.”

[Page 353]

No.	Name and Surname	Birth date	Occupation
1	Smilovitsky Yudka Levikovich	b. 1901	Worker of Factory then named after the 10 years of October Revolution
2	Smilovitsky Khaya Khatskelevna	1906	Dressmaker
3	Smilovitsky Lev Yudkovich	1937
4	Smilovitsky Leiba Yankelevich	1892	Tailor
5	Smilovitsky Khaya	1895	Dressmaker
6	Smilovitsky Yakov Leibovich	1928	Student
7	Smilovitsky Aron Yakovlevich	1878	Retired
8	Smilovitsky Gita Aronovna	1907
9	Smilovitsky Kuna Aronovna	1910
10	Smilovitsky Vilya Iosefovich	1937
11	Smilovitsky Galina Yakovlevna	1930	Student
12	Smilovitsky Basya Aronovna	1872	Retired
13	Smilovitsky Boris	1929	Student

Executed by Nazis on November 25, 1941 in Rechitsa, Gomel Region

In all, in 1941-1942 in Rechitsa were killed nearly 4395 people, of whom 3576 family names were impossible to identify + 205 prisoners of war. The lost belonged to nearly all nationalities, of whom Jews comprised the bulk.

1944

[Page 355]

Upolnomochenny Ch.G.K po Belorussiskoi SSR, Tablev (Commissioner of the Ch. G. K. for the Belorussian SSR), tables.

[Page 356]

Secretaries of Regional Committees of the CC CPB

[Page 357]

Secretaries of Municipal Committees of the CPB

[Page 358]

Surname, Name, and Patronymic	Committee	Period in Office
Antonovich, Vladimir Moissevich	Lenin	16 Jul 1943 – 24 Dec 1943
Batishchev, Samuil Il'ich	October	4 Aug 1943 – 15 Nov 1943
Belov, Mikhail Ruf'evich	Ilyansk	18 Aug 1943 – 27 Jan 1944
Vainev, Lipa Davidovich	Kletski	not known
Geifman, Bronya Meerovna	Buda-Koshelevo	15 May 1943 – 3 Oct 1943
Gorelik, Mota Rafailovich	Osipovichi	22 Sep 1942 – 2 Jul 1944
Egudkin, Solomon Aronovich	Rechitsa	31 JUl 1943 – 17 Nov 1943
Kesler, Shlema Leibovich	Shklov	28 Jun 1943 – 29 Jun 1944
Kogan, Dmitry Iosifovich	Chausy	25 Jun 1943 – 1 Oct 1943
Kravets, Iosif Abramovich	El'sk	1 Apr 1943 – 11 Jan 1944
Lapidus, Izrail' Abramovich	Surazh	25 Jan 1943 – 1 Jul 1943
Lesnichy, S. P.	Gorodishche	unknown
Lisoviski, Aleksander Iosifovich	Drissa	25 Jun 1943 – 26 Dec 1943
Linkovich, Kirill Khaimovich	Minsk	26 Nov 1943 – 1 Mar 1944
Marakhovich, Grigory Leibovich	Chechersk	1 May 1943 – 2 Oct 1943
Ralkevich, Roza Stepanovina	Kletsk	27 Dec 1943 – 10 Jul 1944
Semenov, Gerogrii Minovich	Minsk	1 Nov 1941 – 1 Mar 1942
Chernoglaz, Zusya Yakovlevich	El'sk	4 Aug 1943 – 15 Nov 1943
Shapiro Pavel Markovich	Bogushevsk	3 Aug 1942 - 29 Jun 1944
Shevelev, Yakov Leibovich	Lyakhovichi	12 May 1944 – 10 Jul 1944
Shikin, Fedor Minovich	Domanovo	1 Jul 1943 – 18 Nov 1943

* Vsego Po Territorialno-Adminstratioivnomu Deleniyu BSSR 1939 g. Naschit'valos' 170 raionov. (All-Territorial-Administrative Division BSSR), including 170 districts Return

[Page 360]

Editors-in-chief of Newspapers in the
Occupied Territories of BSSR, 1941-1944

Surname, Name, and Patronymic	District	Name of Newspaper
Aizenberg, Boris L'bovich	Dunilovichi	Zvyazda
Bikman, Mikhail Leont'evich	Yuratishki	Bol'shevik
Vainev, Lipa Davidovich	Kletsk	Za Savetskuyu Belarus
Dobrinski, Evei Saulovich	Kirov	Kurovets
Kaplan, Girsh Leibovich	Polessey	Bal'shavik Paless'ya
Katsman, Mark Grigor'evich	Vetrino	Chyrvonaya Zvyazda
Koptyugov, Konst. Isaakovich	Sharkovshchina	Narodny Mstitel'
Kravets, Iosif Abramovich	El'sk	Klich Radzimy
Nikitenko, Ivan Abramovich	Dokshitsy	Partizanskaya Pravda
Radkevich, Rosa Stepanovna	Karelichi	Chyrvony Partizan
Shevelev, Yakob Leibovich	Lyakovichi	Savetski Part'et

Table compiled from sources: Partizanksie Formirovaniya Belorussii v Gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy Voiny. Kratkie Svetdeniya ob Organizatsionnoy Strukture i Lichnom Sostave (Minsk, 1983). (Belarussian Partisan Units in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (WWII), Concise Information about the organization structure and staff membership); Partiinoe Podpol'e v Belorussii. Stranits' Vospominanii. Vitebskaya, Mogileveskaya, Gomelskaya, Polesskaya oblasti (Minsk 1985) (Party Underground in Belarus. Pages on the Memories. Vitebsk, Mogilev, Gomel and Polessey Regions); Partiinoe Podpol'e v Belorussii. Vilenskaya, Baranovichskaya, Brestskaya, Belostokskaya i Pinskaya Oblasti (Party Underground Resistance. Vilna, Baranovichi, Brest, Belostyk and Pinsk Regions) Minsk, 1986.

[Page 361]

* Vsego v Spiske Ukazano 72 Chel. (In all from lists of decrees, 72 persons in number) Return

[Page 362]

Surname, Name and Patronymic	Position
Goland, R. Kh.	Secretary, Osipovichi District Committee
Izrailit, V. I.	Personnel Secretary,Mekhovski District Committee
Livshits, D. O.	Personnel Secretary Drissa District Committee
Rokhlin, A. Sh.	Personnel Secretary David-Gorodok District Committee
Sverdlov, S. M.	First Secretary Rogachev District Committee
Khavkin I. L.	Third Secretary Mogilev Regional Committee
Shapiro, M. D.	First Secretary Zlobin District Committee
Shein I. A.	City Secretary Kopatkevichi District Committee
Yudin, V. V.	Personnel Secretary, Novo-Belitsa District Committee

* In all, 123 persons indicated in the list. Return

[Page 363]

(From Belarussian Partisan Movement Staff material. Original historical kept at NARB, F. 4, op. 33a, d. 95, ll 30-35, 64-77; Copy kept at Yad Vashem Archives M-41/150)

[Page 364]

Surname, Name and Patronymic	Year of Birth	Town of origin	Official
Vendrov, David Khaimovich	1880	Slutsk	Manager of the Department of Foreign Information
Gefter, Aron Naumovich	1896	Gomel	Manager of the Department of Newspaper Registration
Ziv, Meir Nokhimovich	1892	Minsk	Director Manager of the Department of Foreign Information
Zlatkin Shepsin Efimoivch	1904	Logoisk	Literary editor
Itkovich, Moisei Aronovich	1902	Minsk	Literary editor
Kagan, Aizik Nisanovich	1908	Dukora	Mail correspondent for Belorussia
Kagan, Zalman Sholomovich	1898	Minsk Guberniya	Mail correspondent for Latvia
Katsnel'son, Issak Abramovich	1890	Bobriusk	Literary worker
Kryl-Blank, Tatyana Yakovlevna	1895	Minsk	Head Bookkeeper for the paper
Levin, NaumYakovlevich	1908	Mogilev	Manager of the Department of artistic literature
Levin, Yakov Efremovich	1878	Mogilev Guberinya	Manager of the Department of the Network of Correspondents
Safroa, Abram Izrailevich	1887	Zhuravichi	General manager of the paper
Shadur, Mark Gilelevich	1910	Krupki	Literary worker

* From: 1948 g. v gazete Einikait naschityvalos' 27 shtatnykh sotrudnikov, a v EAK sostoyalo 70 postoyann'kh chlenov. Look for: GARF, F. 8114, op. 1, D. 1172, ll. 55-66 (In the staff of paper Einikat newspaper were employed 27 employees, in the ranks of EAK numbers 70 permanent members) Return

[Page 366]

Table compiled by the author from materials: National Archive of the Republic Belarus Gosidarstvenny Arkhiv Rossiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian Federation, GARF) Reports of the Jewish Orthodox Society of Belarus (Minsk) “Svod Pamyatnikov Istorii i Kultury Belaruskoy SSR” (Collection of monument, memorials and signs Memorial of History and Culture”) (Minsk, 1984-1988) “Mishpoha” Magazine (Vitebsk) Newspapers: “Aviv” (Minsk), “Berega” (Minsk), “Evreiskii Kamerton” (Tel Aviv), “Mezuza” (Minsk).

* Population centers which have special Jewish symbols (magendovids, menorah signs, or mentioned words “ghetto” or “Jews” and not just dedicated to “Soviet citizens”, “Victims of fascism”, etc.

** All-Israel Society of Jews came from Belarus with the financial support of Leo Gol'dberg established (as) memorial to the cemeteries Kur'yat Shaul' in Tel-Aviv (1976); Holon – Avenue Holocaust Victims from Belarus in Jerusalem – Memorial to the Lost Communities of Belarus (Division for each of the 6 regions) at the Institute Yad Vashem (1993). Urochishche – natural boundary, isolated terrain feature (e.g. wood in swamp country). Kladbishche – cemetery.

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