Almaty, Kazakhstan 43°15' N 76°57' E 975 km SSE of Astana | Almaty [Kaz], Alma-Ata [Rus], Vernyi [Rus, until 1921] | Alma-Ata
Soviet Union | Alma-Ata
Kazakh SSR Soviet Union | Vernyi
Semerechye Russian Empire | 9 |
Karaganda, Kazakhstan 49°48' N 73°06' E 194 km SE of Astana | Karagandy [Kaz], Karaganda [Rus], Qaraghandy, Qarağandı | Karaganda
Soviet Union | Karaganda
Kazakh SSR Soviet Union | Karaganda
Akmolinsk Russian Empire | 5 |
Shymkent, Kazakhstan 42°18' N 69°36' E 998 km S of Astana | Shymkent [Kaz], Chimkent [Rus], Chernyayev [Rus, 1914-24] | Chimkent
Soviet Union | Chimkent
Kazakh SSR Soviet Union | Chimkent Chimkent Syr-Darya Russian Empire | 3 |
Semey, Kazakhstan 50°25' N 80°14' E 624 km E of Astana | Semey [Kaz], Semipalatinsk [Rus], Alaş-qala [Kaz, 1917–20], Semipalatynsk | Semipalatinsk
Soviet Union | Semipalatinsk
Kazakh SSR Soviet Union | Semipalatinsk Semipalatinsk Semipalatinsk Russian Empire | 3 |