Translated by Sara Mages

Introduction		12
CHAPTER ONE
History of the Cities Sambor and Stari–Sambor    Stari–Sambor to Novi–Sambor; History of the city; The siege of Bohdan Khmelnytsky;    The royal palace; Fires; Floods; Epidemics; The internal regime in the city; The first school;    The first printing press; The population; The suburbs; The artists unions (guilds); Prominent figures;    Sambor in the history of Poland and Russia; Period of the Austrian conquest; During and after the First World War.		14
CHAPTER TWO
Jewish Sambor over the Various Periods    The beginning of the Jewish Community (1447); “Blich”; The number of Jews;    The printing presses; Structure of the Jewish Community; The ancient Jewish Cemetery.		27
Period of Austrian Rule    Means of livelihood; Plans to transfer Jews to agriculture; Occupations of Sambor's Jews;    Religious life; Synagogues and Betei–Midrash; Schools; Health and Welfare institutions;    “Achva” Organization; The beginning of the Zionist Movement;    “Keren Kayemet LeYisrael”; “Poalei Zion”; “Zeirei Zion”		29
Period of the First World War		38
Between the Two World Wars    First conflicts; The economy; Craftsmen; “Gemilut Hasadim” [mutual aid] Fund;    Welfare activities and Welfare institutions; The Orphanage; The founding of “WIZO”;    “Mutual–Aid” to Students; The Jewish hospital; “Bikur Holim”		39
Education and Culture    Schools; Trade School; Dramatic–Musical Club (Lutnia);    “Kasino”; Jewish Sports Club		43
The Jewish Community and its Administration    The city's attitude to the Jews; Anti–Semitism; Self–Defense; The Jewish population		47
Parties    Anti–Zionist Parties and Movements: “Agudat Israel”;    “Bund”; The Communist Party; The Committee for Jewish Immigration		49
Zionist Parties and Movements    General Zionist Party; “Hamizrachi” and “Hapoel Hamizrachi”;    The Revisionist Party; The Zionist Labor Party “Hitachdut”;    United Zionist–Socialist Party “Hitachdut–Poalei Zion”;    Results of elections in Sambor to the Zionist Congresses		49
David Ben–Gurion in Sambor	Shlomo Talmon (Tilman)	52
From the activities of the Jewish Community Council	Nehemiah Lanninger	53
The Great Synagogue	Ozer Linhart	57
The National Jewish Library	Avraham Linhart	59
CHAPTER THREE
Youth Movements
The beginning of “Hashomer” Movement in Sambor	Efraim Reizner	63
“Hashomer” and the immigration to Israel	Moshe Yemini (Rechter)	66
From “Hatchia” organization to “Hashomer Ha'zair” organization	Yakov Zafri (Baumwolhschpiner)	67
“Hatchia” – “Hashomer Ha'zair” – “Hechalutz Hatzair”	Yitzchak Heruti	72
The merger of “Hashomer Ha'zair” with “Hechalutz Hatzair”	Efraim Reizner	78
Sambor – The cradle of “Hanoar Hazioni” Movement		79
The Youth Organization “Akivah”		80
The Youth Movement “Gordonia”	Arye Ben–Yosef (Shuminer)	84
“Gordonia”	Dr. Shmuel Meltz	86
The “Gordonia” chapter in the rural communities	Yona Respler	89
My road to “Gordonia”	Shulamit Porath (Stefa Finsterbusch)	90
The Youth Movement “Vitkinia”		94
The adversary between the non–Zionist youth and the pioneer youth movements	Ozer Linhart	95
CHAPTER FOUR
Personalities and Figures
HaRav Yosef Moshe Charif (Eisenberg)		98
HaRav Yitzchak Charif (Eisenberg)		98
HaRav Yakov Naftali Eisenberg		98
The Admor Moshe Eichenstein		99
HaRav Meir Tzvi Witmeir		99
The Admor Uri HaCohen Yolles		99
HaRav Naftali Hertz Bombach		102
The Preacher Mendel–Fishel Treiber		102
HaRav Aharon Levin		104
The speeches of HaRav Aharon Levin in the Polish Sejm		105
The Rothenstreich Family
Dr. Fishel Rothenstreich		108
Prof. Natan Rothenstreich		111
Dr. Yehoshua Rothenstreich		114
The Heruti (Wolker) Family
Yitzchak Heruti		116
Mordechai Heruti		120
The Sandviar Family
Adolf (Avraham) Sandviar		122
Prof. Arthur Sandviar		123
The Schtoyerman Family
Dr. Yosef Schtoyerman		125
Edward Schtoyerman		125
Dusiek Schtoyerman		125
Salka Schtoyerman–Pirtel		126
Tzvi Pechthold		127
Dr. Dov Peled (Pechthold)		129
Yehezkel San		130
Mordechai Schteif		131
Dr. Mordechai Zelinger		132
Meir Deshe (Weizingerin)		133
Michael Frum		134
Zygmunt (Mordechai) Stein		136
Arthur Fidler		137
CHAPTER FIVE
Memories and Experiences
The protectors of the Jewish Heritage	Arye Ben–Yosef (Shuminer)	139
The Jewish Zionist source	Yehoshua Yemini (Rechter)	140
The period of my studies in Sambor's High–School	Professor Natan Reich	141
“Blich”	Etke Ben–Pinchas	144
When my father immigrated to Israel	Dr. Shmuel Meltz	145
How my family immigrated to Israel	Aharon Witztom	147
On the verge of destruction	Tzvi Shoham (Hesio Brilant)	147
CHAPTER SIX
Fragments of Folklore
Fishle' Mentel	Ozer Linhart	151
Avrahamle' the resourceful	Ozer Linhart	152
Yona the “drunk”		157
CHAPTER SEVEN
Stari–Sambor (Altstodt)
The History of the community of Stari–Sambor (Altstodt)		160
Memories and Records
Altstodt	Tzvi Meltzer–Schreiber	170
The Educational Heritage of Stari–Sambor	Professor Nathan Reich	172
In the atmosphere of those days	Aharon Witztom	176
The Livelihoods of the Jews	Yosef Hailprin	177
Chapters of Folklore	David Waltzer	180
My way to Israel	Yosef Hailprin	182
In the “Halutz” Federation	Tzvi Meltzer–Schreiber	184
Personalities and Figures
HaRav Chaim Yitzchak Yeruham		187
Menachem Groylich		189
Avraham Buck		190
R' Yakov Schreiber		191
Dudya Metzler– Schreiber		192
Heshe Richter		194
Dov Kariv (Karvas)		195
The Judge Moshe Lerer		195
Prof. Dr. Natan Reich		197
Bibliography (For chapters 2–7)		198
CHAPTER EIGHT
The Annihilation of the City
Dates		203
From occupation to occupation	Toni Nacht (Halperin)	204
When Ukrainians Get Wild	Dolek Frei	205
The stages of destruction	Nechama & Moshe Sctulbach	206
The first “Aktzia” and the preparations for its execution	Dr. Leon Tehorn	209
Between life and death	Dr. Irna Glantz–Sendiwer	211
The hiding place at the train station	Yakov Hershaft,	219
How I survived	Aliza Golan (Frida Wilf)	221
My pursuers didn't catch me	Ajzik Zigman	226
Survivors	Sara Avtel (Gorfein)	227
How I survived	Yehiel Hirsh	228
Hiding for sixteen months	Genya Habenstreit (Maizels)	229
The final liquidation	Zofia Hass	231
Letters from the city of death – “Remember and don't forget us!”	Feiga Kraus	232
In the partisans' detachments	Yosef Zinger	234
“Cattle grazing on the graves of our loved ones”	Jack Gardner	236
CHAPTER NINE
On the way to Israel
In the company of HaRav Dr. Yehiel Yakov Weinberg	Aharon (Ronek) Holzman	239
In military–camps and labor–camps in Russia	Tzvi Sandviar	240
From Sambor to Uzbekistan	David (Dunek) Beglaiter	241
The road signs of immigration	Eliezer (Lunek) Abned	242
The treatment of illegal immigrants in the camps in Cyprus	Shoshanna Ginzburg (Zimchoni)	244
CHAPTER TEN
The History of the Organizations
Jews from Sambor in the United States		246
Jews from Sari–Sambor in the United States		248
The association of former residents of Sari–Sambor in Israel		251
The association of former residents of –Sambor in Israel		255
The establishment of the consolidated organization		256
Sambor Necrology		258
Necrology of towns and villages near Sambor – Stari Sambor
Summary in Yiddish		283
English Section
Introduction		I
History of the Cities Sambor and Stari-Sambor		II
Sambor		III
Jewish Sambor over the Various Periods		X
Period of Austrian Rule		XIII
Period of the First World War		XIX
Between the Two World Wars		XX
Education and Culture		XXIV
Clubs		XXV
The Jewish Community and its Administration		XXVI
The City's Attitude to the Jews		XXVII
Parties and Movements		XXIX
Youth Movements		XXXII
Jewish Community of Stari-Sambor (Altstodt)		XXXIII
Jewish Population in Stari-Sambor and its Surroundings		XXXIV
The First Beginning of the Zionist Movement and the First Olim		XXXV
Liquidation of the Jewish Community of Stari-Sambor		XXXVII
Liquidation of the Jewish Community of Sambor		XXXVIII
The Destruction – Dates		XLI
Jews from Stari-Sambor in the United States		XLII
Sambor Jews in the United States		XLIII

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