This translation guide is based on occupations listed in Polish and
French in the Nowogrodskie woj. (Nowogrodek province) portion of the
1929 Polish business directory
Ksiega Adresowa Polski (Wraz z w.m. Gdanskiem) dla Handlu, Przemyslu,
Rzemiosl i Rolnictwa [Directory of Poland (including Gdansk)
for Trade, Industry, Handicraft and Agriculture].
POLISH | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
Adwokaci | avocats | Lawyers |
Agentury | commissionnaires en marchandises | merchandise agent |
Akuszerki | sages-femmes | Midwives |
Apreczne sklady | drogueries | hardware shop |
Apteki | pharmacies | Pharmacies |
artykuly spotywcze | alimentaire (produts a…) | food products |
Asemozacyjne [rzedsoeb | assainissement | cleaner |
Banshchik | assistant de bain | bath attendant |
Bednarze | tonneliers | barrel makers/cooper |
Betonwe wyroby fabriki | produits en beton | concrete products |
Blacharze | ferblantiers | tinware/tinsmith |
Blawaty | tissus | fabrics/fabric merchants |
bliniane garnki | poterie de terre | earthenware |
bron | armuriers | gunsmith |
Browary | brasseries | breweries |
Browi i amunicja | armes et munitions | arms and ammunition |
Brukarskie przedsieb. | entrepr. de pavage | paving contractor |
budowiani majstrzy | entrepr en batiment | building contractor |
Budowlane materjaly | matériaux | construction material |
Budowlane przedsiebiorstwo | entrepr. de constructions |
construction contractor (construction organizations) |
Bydlo-handle | march. de bestiaux | cattle trade |
Cegielnie | briqueteries | brickworks |
cementowe wyroby | produits en ciment | cement products |
Cementowe wyroby fabryki | fabr de produits en ciment |
cement products factories |
cerownie sztucne | stoppeurs-repreiseurs | invisible mending and repair |
chodaki | sabots | clogs |
chodak | sabotiers | clogs |
ciesle | charpentiers | carpenter |
Cukier-hurt | sucres en gros | bulk sugar store |
cukierki-wyrob. | fabr. de bonbon | candy factory |
Cukiernie | confisieurs | confectioner store |
Cukternicze wyroby | confiserie | candy/confectioner |
Czapki | casquettes | caps |
Czcionki | caracteres d'imprimerie | block capitals / printing type |
czysczenie | laveur de laines | wool washer/dry cleaner |
Dachówski wyrób | tuiliers | tile maker |
dekarze | couvreurs | roofer |
deski | planches | boards (planks) |
dewocjonalja | articles de piete | religious articles |
Domy handlowe | maisons de commerce | trade house [a very big store] |
dorozkarski przedsiebiorstwa | voitures de place | cabman, taxi driver |
dozorca | gardien | keeper, caretaker/infirmier (nurse) |
dozorca szpitala | | hospital nurse |
drob | volailles | poultry |
Drozdze | levures | yeasts |
Drukarnie | imprimeries | printing |
drut I gwoezdsie-fabryki | fabr de fil de fer et clous |
wire and nail maker |
Drzewo | bois | wood |
dzasopisma | publications periodiques | periodicals/magazines |
ekonoma | regisseur | manager |
ekonoma szpitala | | hospital manager |
Ekspedycyjne | expediteurs |
expediter (office that send loads to somewhere and escorts it; forwarders of cargo by train) |
Ekspedycyjne biura | expediteurs | travel agency or freight forwarding |
eksport | exportateur | exporter |
elektrotechniczne artukuly | appareillage electrique |
electrical equipment |
elektrotechniczne biura | bureau electrotechniques |
electrical power office |
Elektrownie | usines d'électricité |
electric power station |
emaljowane naczynia | articles de cuisine emailles | enamel kitchenware |
fabryka dykt | fabr. de contreplaquages | plywood factory |
fakuly | etoupes | ?bacteriums=oakum or tow? |
Farbiarnie | teinturiers | dyer |
Farbiarnie skor | teinturiers en cuirs | leather/skin dyer |
Farby | couleurs | colors/tints |
Felczerzy | barbiers-chirurgiens |
Barber-Surgeon. Physician's assistant |
Fotograficzne zaklady | photographes | photographer's studio |
Fryzjersy | coiffeurs | Hairdressers |
Futra | fourrures | furs |
Galaterja | merceries | dry goods/notions/fancy goods |
Garbarnie | tanneries | tanner or leather worker |
Garncarze | potiers | potter |
Geometry | geometres | surveyors |
Gilzy do papierosów abryki | | cigarette holder factory |
gin | | gynecologist |
Gonchar | potiers | potter |
Gonty | bardeaux | shingles |
Gonty wyrób | fabr de bardeau | shingles |
Graficzne zaklady | establissements graphiques | graphics |
Grawerzy | graveurs | engravers |
gremylarnie | cardeurs de laines | wool cards |
grzebienie | peignes | combs |
Gumowe wyr. | caoutchoc manuf. | rubber manufacturer |
Guziki niciane wyrób | fabr de _____ |
buttons and thread: notions |
handel pakulami | commerce d'etoupes | oakum trade |
handlarz | | peddler (shopkeeper) |
Herbaciarnie | débits de thé |
tea dealer/tea shop/tea-room |
Hotele | hótels | Hotels |
Instalacje elektryczne | installations electriques |
installation of electricity |
instalacyjne przedsiebiorstwa | mecaniciens-ajusteurs | mechanic-fitter |
Introligatorzy | relieurs | Book binders |
Jadlodajnie | restaurants | Restaurants |
jubilerzy | bijoutiers | jeweler |
kafle-fabryki | fabr. de carreaux | tile factory |
kafle-wyrob | fabr. de carreaux | tile products |
Kalosze | socques en coutchouc | rubbers or galoshes, overshoes |
Kamasznicy | tiges pour chaussures |
shoe trees or producer of rubber for making galoshes or leather-stitcher |
Kamieniarsko-rzezbiarskie zaklady | sculpteurs-statuaries |
sculpture-statuary |
kamientarskie zaklady | tailleur de pierres | cutter (stone?) |
kamientolomy | carrieres de pierres | stone quarry |
kanotry wymiany | agent de change |
money exchange office/stockbroker |
Kapelusze | chapeliers | hatter |
Kapelusze damskie | modes | women's hats |
kapielowe zaklady | etablissements de vains |
basketworks or baths |
Kasa Chorychz | caisses des Malades. |
? "illness office": Health Insurance |
Kasy pozyczk-oszczedn | caisses d'empr et d'épargne: |
Savings and Loan Banks |
kasy pozyczk-oszczen. | denrees coloniales en gros |
wholesale products such as oil, flour, sugar, soap (no dairy or bakery) |
Kaszarnie | fabr de gruaux |
Animal Feed Makers (wheat flour) |
kawa slodowa-fabr | fabr de café de mali |
chocolate factory or coffee factory |
Kawiarnie | cafes | coffee/café |
klej stolarski-fabryki | fabr. de colle forte |
strong glue maker; carpenters' glue factory |
kiszki zwierzece | boyaudiers |
inner tube from animal intestines or catgut maker |
Kinematografy | cinémas | Cinemas |
kolejki waskotorowa-eksploatacja |
exploitations des chemins de fer a voie troite |
narrow-guage railroad operation |
Kolektury loterji | bureau de loterie | lottery office |
Kolodzieje | charrons | Wheelwrights |
Kolonjalne artykuly | epicier |
grocer of staple items (excluding bakery and dairy) |
kominiarskie przedsiebiorstwa | entrepr. de ramonage |
chimney sweep |
komisowe domy | agences commerciales |
second-hand shop or sales representative |
Komornicy | huissiers | bailiffs |
Konfekcja | confections | ready-made clothes, not candy |
Konie handel | march. de chevaux | Horse trader |
Kooperatywy | coopératives | cooperatives |
kooperatywy kredytowe | societes de credit | credit union |
Koszykarskie wyroby | vanniers | basket maker supplies |
kotlarze | chaudronniers | cauldrons (boilermaker) |
Koval Kowale | forgerons | blacksmith |
Kravets Krawcy | tailleurs | tailor |
Krawiectwo damskie | couturières | dressmaker/lady's tailor |
krochmalnie | fabr d'amidon | starch factory |
Ksiegarnie | librairies | book stores |
ksiegi adresow | annuaires | address/phone book |
Kuchenne naczynia | art de cuisine | kitchenware |
kupiec | | merchant |
Kusnierze | pelletiers | furrier |
Kuznetz | forgerons | blacksmith |
kwiaty | fleurs | florist |
lakiernicy | vernisseurs | varnishers |
Lasy -- eksploatacja | exploit. forestieres | forestry operation |
laznie | bains de vapeur | steam baths |
lecznice | maison de sante | health center/clinic/nursing home |
Lekarze | médecins | physicians |
Lekarze dentysci | medecin de dentistes | Dentists |
len | lin | linen/flax |
linja kol waskotor | ligne a voie etroite |
line of narrow-guage small railroad |
Maka | farines | flour |
manufaktura | usine | fabric manufacture |
maslo-wyrob | fabrication de beurre | buttery |
Maszyny fabryki | fabr de ma | factory machines |
Maszyny do szycia | machines a coudre | sewing machines |
Matarze | peinitres | painters |
Meble | meubles | Furniture |
mechanicy | mecaniciens | auto mechanics |
Melnik | meunier | miller |
mieczarnie | ceremeries | creamery, dairy |
mincerskie zaklady | | producer of commemorative medals |
miscerskie zaklady | laiterie | dairy |
miodosytnie | | mead brewery |
Mlodosylnie | fabr d'hydromels |
hydromel makers/honey drink (mead) makers/beekeepers/ |
mlynskie kamienie | meules a moulins | millstone/grindstones |
Mlyny | moulins | mills |
Molochnik | laitier | milkman |
mosieznicy | dinandiers | brass wares/foundry/copper |
Muchnik | minotier | flour meal maker |
Murarze | macons | masons/bricklayers |
mydlarnie | marchands de savons | (perfumed) soap products factory |
Mydlo | savons | soaps |
nabial | cremiers | dairyman |
Nafta | pétrol | gasoline-oil |
naftowe produkiy | produits petrolifieres | oil products |
Nasiona | graines | seeds |
niedziane wyroby | cuiveries | brass objects (copper?>) |
Nierogacizna --handel | march. de | cattle trade |
Notarjusze | notaires | notaries |
obrecze-wyrob | fabrication de cercles en bois | maker of hoops |
obrzedowa przybory | objets de religion | religious objects |
Obuwie | chaussures | shoes |
Ocet fabryki | fabr de vinaigres | vinegar Factories |
ogloszeniowe buira | agences de publicite | advertising agency |
ogrodnicze zaklady | establissements horticoles |
horticultural organizations |
Olejarnie | huileries | oil factories-combustible |
opal | combustibles | fuel |
Owocarnie | fruitiers | fruit shop |
papier | papetiers | paper manufacturer or commercial stationer |
papier pergaminowy--wyrob | papier parchmine | parchment paper |
parcelacyjne przedsiebiorstwa | entrepr. de parcellement |
organization that divides land among people-probably surveyor |
pasta do obuwia | pates pour chaussures | paste polish for shoes |
pasza | fourrages | fodder |
pergamin-wyrob | fabr de parchemin | parchment maker |
pestki-suszarnie | sechage de pepins | seed drying factory |
pieczecie kauczukowe | timbres en caoutchouc |
rubber stamps; rubber seals |
Pieczywo | boulangerie | Bakery |
piekarnie | boulangier | baker |
pierze | plumes et duvets | feathers and featherbed covers |
Piora | plumassiers | feather/mattress makers or pen |
pismienne materjaly | fourniture de bureaux | office or writing supplies |
Pivavoz | brasserie | beer deliverer |
Piwiarnie | brasseries-débit | retail brewery + bar = pub |
Piwo | bière | beer |
Plotnik/Plotnitsky | charpentier | carpenter or producer of canvas |
podrozne przybory | articles de voyage | travel articles (accessories) |
pomniki | monuments funeraires | tombstones |
Ponczochyfabr | fabr de bas | stocking maker |
pondzochy-pracownie | bonnetiers | hosiery production |
porady prawne | consultations juridiques | legal consultations |
posrednictwo pracy | bureaux de placement | employment office |
Powroznicy | cordiers/corderie | Rope Makers |
powrozy | cordages | rigging/rope |
pralnie | blanchisseries de fin | fine laundry |
Prosb & tlumaczen biura | petitions et traductions |
petitions and translations |
przedzalnia | filatures | spinning mills |
pszczelnictwo | apiculteurs | bee keeper |
radjosprzet | accessoires pour la T.S.F | radio equipment |
reparacyjne warszlaly | ateliers de reparations | repair shop |
Restauracje | restaurants | Restaurants |
Reznik | boucher kosher | kosher butcher |
robotnik | | worker/laborer |
Rozne towary | articles divers | variety store/sundries |
rybolowstwo | peche | fishing/fishery |
rymarskie wyroby | bourrellerie | bells for horses; saddler's articles |
Rymarze | bourreliers | master of making bells for horses; saddler |
Rzeznicy | bouchers | Butchers |
samochodowa komunikacja | transports automobile | auto transportation |
Samochodowe przedsiebiorstwa | | automobile dealer |
Sapozhnik | cordonnier | shoemaker |
Sery--wyrob | fabr de fromages | cheese factory |
Shklyar | glazier | glass craftsman |
Shkolnik | bedeau | synagogue sexton |
Shvets | tailleur | tailor |
Siodlarze | selliers | saddle-makers; saddlers |
Sitarze | tamisiers | sifters/sieve maker |
sklep spozywczy | | grocer |
Skóry | cuirs | leather/hides |
skory baranie | peaux de moutons | sheepskin |
skory surowo | peaux brutes | raw hides |
skory-wyprawianie | corroyeurs | leather manufacturing |
skorzane wyroby | maroquinerie | fine leather goods |
sledzie | harengs | herring |
sledzie-wedzarnie | fumage des harengs | smoked herring; smoke house |
slonina | lard | lard |
Slusarze/Stusarze | serurriers |
locksmiths (in French), ironworker (in Polish) |
smary | graisses | grease/lubricant |
smolarnie | fabr. de poix | pitch factory |
sokolnik | | falconer |
sol | sel | salt |
solarskie saklady | entrepr de menuiserie | joinery |
Soshnik | laboureur | ploughman |
Spirytualja | spiritueux | Liquor |
spirytus-rektyfkacja | rectification d'alcool |
alcohol adjustment; alcohol rectification |
sprzedawca w sklepie spozywczym | | grocery clerk |
Spozywcze artykuly | comestibles | food stuff/products |
Starzyna handel | fripiers |
secondhand clothes dealers (in French), junk dealer (in Polish) |
Stolarze | menuisiers | joiner/carpenter |
Studnie-budowa | forages/foreurs de puits | well driller |
sukno-wyrob | fabr. de draperie | (broadcloth) clothing manufacturer |
sukno-wyrob | drapiers | clothing manufacturer |
swiece | bougies | candles |
swiece-fabryki | fabr. de bougies | candle factory |
Szczecina | soies de porc | hog bristles |
szczotkarze | brossiers | cleaner/sweeper or brush-maker |
Szewckie formy wyrob | fabr. de vetements confectionnes |
ready-made clothes |
Szewckie przybory | fournit pour chaussures | shoemakers' supplies |
Szewcy | cordonnier | cobbler/shoe repairer |
Szklane huty | verreries | glass-smelting workshop |
szklarze | vitriers | glazier |
Szklo i porcelana | verrerie et porcelaine | glass and porcelain-making |
szklo okienne | verres a vitres | window glass |
szkoly krofu | ecole de coupe | glass cutting school or fashion school |
Szmaty | chiffons | Rags |
szpital epidem | hopital epidem | contagious disease hospital |
szyldy-pracownie | fabr d'enseignes | sign maker |
tapety | papiers peints | wallpaper |
Tapicerzy | tapissiers | upholsterer |
Tartaki | scieries | sawmills |
technicy dentyslyczni | mecaniciens dentistes | dental technician |
techniczne artykul | articles techniques | technical articles |
techniczne biura | bureaux techniques | technical office |
telegraficzne slupy | poteaux telegraphiques | telegraph pole |
Teslyar | charpentier | carpenter, wood craftsman |
tokarze | tourneurs | lathe operator/turner |
Trumny | cercueils | Coffins |
trykolale | articles en tricot | articles for knitting |
trykotaze | | hosiery |
ubesplexczenlowe agentury | assurances | insurance |
ubezoueczebuiwe agentury | agent d'assurances | insurance agent |
Ubrania gotowe | vêtements confectionnes | ready-made clothes |
waosy-wyrob | chariots | carriage maker/handcart or carriage |
Wapienniki | fours a chaux | brick oven builder |
Wapno | chaux | Lime |
wapno-wypalanie | chaufourniers | lime burning |
warzywa | legumes | vegetables |
wata | ouate | cotton wool (Br.)/quilt batting (Am.) |
Wedliny | charcutiers | pork butcher |
Wegiel | charbons | Coal |
welna | laine | wool |
welna-czesalnie | peignage de laines | wool combs |
wewn. | | internal medicine or domestic |
Wiatraki | moulins a vent | windmills |
wieczka-wyrob | paille hachee | straw factory or lid production |
wlasciciel | | owner |
wlasciciel domu | |
home owner, landlord (lessor), building owner, house owner |
Wlasciciele ziemscy | Proprietaires fonciers | landowner |
wlasciciel sklepu spozywczego | | grocery owner |
wlasnosc | | privately owned something |
wlasny | | private |
Wody gazowe fabryki | fabr eaux de gazeuses |
seltzer factories / lemonade factory |
wojloki | feutre vegetal | felt factory |
Worki reparacja | réparation de | sack/bag repair shoe |
wosk | cire | wax |
wosk-wyzlocznie | fonderies de cire | wax or polish factory |
wozy-wyrob | constructeur de chariots | carriage maker/handcart maker |
Zajawdy | auberges | inns |
Zboze | graines | grains, cereals |
Zduni | fumistes | heating engineer or tile-stove setter |
Zegarmistrze | horlogers | clock/watchmakers |
zelaso-odlewnie | fondeurs en fer | iron foundery |
zelazne wyroby | quincailliers | ironmonger/hardware |
Zelazo | fers | iron products/cast iron/hardware |
zelazo stare | vieux fers | scrap metal |
ziola tecznicze | herboristeries medicinnie | medical herbalist shop |
| art. de construction | construction materials |
| boutons pour lingerie | buttons for lingerie |
| caisses de tresor | public revenue dept |
| direction de la voirie |
dept of transportation (also means sanitation) |
| en gross | wholesale |
| fabr. de formes p chaussures | shoe form factories |
| fabr de tubes à cigarettes | Cigarette Paper Factories |
| l'enseignment | teaching |
| porcs | pork |
| taxi-automobiles | Taxis |
| infirmier | (nurse) |
| sacs | Bag Repairs |