Abraham Shlonsky The Oath  By these eyes that have seen the woe and the grief Their outcries heaving to my hearts' embrace, By this compassion which taught me: Forgive till the time did come too awful for grace - I have taken this oath: as I breathe and live, To forget not a thing Of that which took place Till the tenth generation forget not, Till each of my insults be completely assuaged, Till the last of my lashes has chastened their lot Cry heaven, if in vain passed that night of rage, Cry heaven, if by morning I resume my trod, not learning the lesson taught me by this age

Translated by Ada Holtzman

Article Author Page The Shtetl Turek (a Geographic and historic survey) Hebrew   14 From the history of the Polish Jewry   11 Turek during World War I (Yiddish) 31 The Jewish settlement from its beginning until the outbreak of World War II  According to Icchak Seiffe, Sz. Glube and A. Sz. Benkel 34 The occupations of Turek Jews Sz. Glube 40 The beginning of the Weaving Industry in Turek Abraham Szlomo Benkel (based on the stories of grandfather Eliezer Waks) 48 The Weaving Industry Israel Dawid Beth Halevi 50 The Turek Jews' way of life The Melamdim in Turek (teachers) The Yeshiva in Turek (Talmudical college) The various activities of the Jewish community Religious personnel (Hazanim - cantors, Shohatim - ritual slaughterers, shamashim - beadles) Welfare and relief institutions Parnasim & Dozores - supporters and Trustees of the community Weddings and Kleizmerim (popular Jewish musicians) Icchak Seiffe and Akiwa Shmueli 52 Entertainment and theater in Turek   66 The modern heder Yochanan Kriza 72 The Rabbis of Turek R' Baruch Bendet Gliksman R' Dawid-Haim Braun R' Hersz Lajb Waksman R' Pinchas Wengrow Zeew Kibel and Icchak Seiffe 75 The world of Torah and good deeds which is gone R' Mendel Szmul R' Jakob Mas (Mordowicz) R' Herszel Shochet (Zajler) R' Alter Wajnrajch father of R' Eliezer Wajnrajch R' Welwel Mozes R' Israel Mosze Ziskind R' Yehoshua Alter Glycenstein R' Abraham Szubinski R' Icchak Yedidya Frenkel 79 The Hassidim of Turek Icchak Seiffe 85 The enlightenment movement in Turek Icchak Seiffe 87 The Zionist Movement Icchak Seiffe 90 The “Turnverein” (Sport association)   98 The “Mizrachi” Movement in Turek Yehuda Aharon Widawski 100 From the “Hatsfira” newspaper   107 The boy scout pioneer movement (“Hashomer Haleumi”) Szlomo Szubinski 115 “Hanoar Hazioni” (the Zionist youth) Hachshara at the Szubinski House - preparation to immigration to Eretz Israel (memoirs) Nitza Katzir (Mekalisz) 124 “Agudath Israel” Rabbi Haim David Ojerbach 127 “Linath Zedek” Meir Jankelewicz 131 The Artisan Association and the Popular Bank Zeew Kibel 133 The Union of the Jewish Tailors Zeew Kibel 135 The “Bund” Y. Shachor 137 The Communist Movement in Turek Z. K. 141 In the Shtetl Turek (Hebrew) Kalman Hajszrek (from his book “in Fire and Blood”)   143 -"- (Yiddish) -"- 148 The alyia from Turek and its contribution to the erection of Eretz Israel Y. Shachor 153 The Pat Family Icchak Seiffe 159 The family Kriza Yochanan Kriza 162 Eliahu Stempa (“Elia”)   165 The unforgettable Jewish Turek R' Aba Szajnyak Righteous women Father's home, the lithography My friend Zalman from Siedlce The effect of the Enlightenment Period and Zionism Rafael Litmanowicz 167 I am a native of Turek Mosze Rozetti 176 The Shtetl Michael Kopel 179 Once Upon a Time... Szlomo Szubinski 182 Turek town of the spring of my life  Michael Lewi (Mendel) Ben Mordechai 188 Persons and images (memoirs) Jakob Kiwala “Jakob Yah” The Rosz family Hagar and her husband Hersz-Michael Szlomo Treger (Goldstein) Dawid-Lajbusz who had 6 fingers The “Boidemete” beggar Towards the Sabbath in Turek Yona Mendelblat z”l 195 The shtetl Turek - “Hamatmid” school in Ramat Gan, Israel, has adopted and commemorated the shtetl Turek   200 The blind Gabriel - one of the typical person of the shtetl - written by a pupil in the 8th grade of “Hamatmid” Ramat Gan, Israel Hadasa Szubinski 201 The children's manner of life Hadasa Szubinski and Moti Rozenberg 202 Mosze Fajnkind (public activist, writer and historian) Icchak Seiffe 203 R' Yehoszua Alter (Glicenstein) Abraham Szlomo Benkel 207 Chanoch (Henrik, Enrico) Glicenstein (1870-1942), the great artist, biography; Translated poems   208 Chanoch Glicenstein Emanuel Romano (the artist's son) 217 The artist in his home birth (speech in the remembrance ceremony to Henrik Gilcenstein in Tel Aviv 1942) Yehuda Frenkel 217 Kalman Hajszrek Icchak Seiffe 221 Cwi Bikowski Icchak Seiffe 224 Cwi Bikowski (one of the foundation men) Cwi Livna 226 To the memory of Cwi Bikowski Yona Mendelblat z”l 227 We learned from him Rachel and Jakob Kohensztam 229 R' Abraham Piotrekowski and his family immigrate to Eretz Israel A. Kriza 230 Mosze Warszawski Icchak Seiffe 232 Icchak Warszawski   237 A truthful man - about the personality of Knesset (Israel Parliament) member: R' Szlomo Zalman Jankelewicz son of Jakob Meir Jankelewicz 241 The convincing speaker (following the death of R' Zalman Ben Jakob) A. Rivlin 244 Icchak Wartski, a great scholar Icchak Seiffe 247 Icchak Izidor Wartski In memory of Icchak George Weber 251 Eliezer Wajnrajch Yochanan Kriza 255 R' Jakob Rubinstein A. Spinka 256 R' Henoch Berfman Y. Kriza 258 R' Simcha Bunim Merber R' Szmuel (Semek) Rozenboim Vardi (grandson) 260 The members of the Zionist Committee in Turek Sz. Sz. 262 R' Zeew Wolf Mozes (Mozisz) (from the book “The History of Kalisz Jews”, 1961, pages 206-208) Israel Dawid Beit-Halewi 263 Israel Kohen (Kohan)   265 Israel Kiwala   267 Aharon Sztarkman   268 A distinguished person: Yehuda Tondowski Szraga Bar Sela (Stempa) 269 Icchak Bernstein (from the book “Plock”, page 407)   271 Eliahu Rozenboim (from a memorial booklet published by Kibbutz Usha 1945) Szlomo Szubinski 273 “Thy glory O Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen!” (II Samuel I;19) Sons of Turek who befell in battle during WWII, the Jewish Brigade and Israel wars for independence Gad son of Mordechai and Lea Ben-Shalom (née Tauba) Chaim son of Abraham Goldys (of the Bykowski family) Jakob son of Mosze and Bluma Noifeld Yair son of Mosze and Towa Zys née Szubinski Yosef son of Dawid and Regina Kopel Jakob son of Mosze and Janina Szilah née Lewinski Michal son of Jakob Izbicki Miriam daughter of Meir and Melcia Binstok Rafael son of Eliezer and Rachel Wajnrajch Szlomo son of Yochanan and Cyla Kopel Szlomo son of Abraham Deser Blessed be their memory! The Holocaust 1939-1945 The history of the Holocaust A.A. 281 To remember or not to remember At least 600 years Poland is being conquered Source of evil (a poem) Jakob Beser son of Zalman 286 How it started Ajzik Rasz 291 The destruction of Turek Jewish community (according to testimonies of Ajzik Rasz, Miriam Zajdenberg and the author) How it started - nomination of the Judenrat The first persecutions A ghetto erected The synagogue set on fire The abuse of the melamed (teacher) From what did the Jews live of in the ghetto? The big deceit (“Kolonie”) Poznań force labour camp (Bar Sela) In the “Kolonie” The liquidation Szraga Bar Sela (Stempa) 299 The suffering of the Turek girls Miriam Zajdenberg (née Graundes “di Wajse” (“the White") written by Szraga Bar Sela 309 In those dreadful days - testimonies of Eliezer and Icchak Orbach Akiwa Shmueli 315 The Ten Martyrs executed in the “Kolonie” Kowale Pańskie, in public hanging: Zajman Mosze from Turek Lewkowicz Chajmal from Turek Noiman, son-in-law of Goldblum from Turek Liek Icek Yudel from Uniejów Jakobowicz Marian from Uniejów Podchlebnik Machel from Dobra Czoskola Szymon from Dobra Gelbart from Tuliszków Klein from Koło Polkowski from Pęczniew; The two girls who were shot to death: Raur Bela and Krakocka Ester   The Jews of Turek during the Nazi occupation 1st November 1939 The transfer to the “Kolonie” Heidemühle (Kowale Pańskie) The liquidation of the “Kolonie” Public hanging (told by Rafael Yachin (Yachimowicz) Building the bunker The last “Aktion” (akcja) before the final liquidation Summer of 1943 in ghetto Łódż The spring of 1944 The liquidation of ghetto Łódż Szmuel Glube 320 -"- (Yiddish) -"- 341 Memoirs by Yochewet Rozencwajg (Podchlebnik) Michael Lewi 376 My sufferings during WWII Yona Fresajzen 380 My sufferings during WWII (Yiddish) Yona Fresajzen 391 In the ghetto and in the forests - Cypora Zomer (Tobiak) - interview by two pupils Eti Zomer and Mirit Radiwal Introduction The “Juden Kolonie” Forced Labour camp in Poznań The escape from Poznań With the Polish family Blaszkowski and Aleksander and Juzefa Miliewo The problems which occurred while I stayed at the Blaszkowski house The end of the war Searching my relatives Michael Lewi 405 Władysławów (Russocice)   412 A document from Chełmno(Yiddish & Hebrew)   414 Chełmno - Death Camp Jakob Waldman (survived the Nazi Holocaust but was killed by Polish underground A.K. on 1.9.1945 416 Names of elderly men, sick and children who were shot on spot during the deportation to Chełmno from the “Kolonie” on 27.7.1942: Zamulek Stein, Lenczicki Szlomo from Uniejów who dug his own grave and was shot there with his dumb deaf boy; grandfather Lajb Czelnik with grandmother; Warcki Luzer and his wife from Turek; Lisak from Turek; Szczeszynski Menachem from Turek; Berkowicz Gitel from Turek; Lubinski Chanoch from Turek; Lewinowa from Turek; Katar Mordechai from Turek; Fajwisz Mendel from Turek; Czoskola from Turek; Berger Abraham from Uniejów; Eliasz Szlomo from Turek; Jakobowicz from Turek; Deser Jakob from Turek; Zalberg Issaschar from Turek; Friedland Yeszaya from Brudzew; Bild Josef from Turek; Muchnicki from Turek; Czoskola Szmuel from Turek; Tauba Abraham from Tuliszków Rychwal (Konin District)   422 Tuliszków (Konin District)   424 The speech of Rabbi Icchak Yedidia Frenkel (chief rabbi of Tel Aviv) in the annual Remembrance Assembly of Turek Jews year 5726 (1966)   425 Turek after the Holocaust Icchak Frenkel 428 Various speeches from the Remembrance Assemblies held in Tel Aviv for Turek Jews 14 Av, 5628 (8.8.1968) 13 Av, 5629 (28.7.1969) 14 Av, 5630 (16.8.1970) 13 Av, 5632 (24.7.1972) 14 Av 5634 (1.8.1974) Benjamin Seiffe 429 “You Will Tell It to Your Son...” Szraga Bar Sela (Stempa) 435 Remember! Do Not Forget! M. L. 439 Partial list of the Holocaust Martyrs of Turek, Rychwal & Tuliszkow (Hebrew) The necrology list (translation to English)   439 The Vow Abraham Shlonski 451 Bibliography   452 Corrections of typos and mistakes   453 The English Part   I-XVIII   Photograph captions

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